英语被动语态详解.docx
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英语被动语态详解
英语被动语态详解(含练习题及答案)
【本讲主要内容】
被动语态
【知识总结归纳】
一.概念:
表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。
二.主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
三.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
am/is/are+P.P.
(1)DotheyspeakFrench?
(2)Theydon’tusetheroom.
IsFrenchspokenbythem?
Theroomisn’tusedbythem.
一般过去时
was/were+p.p.
(1)Thehunterkilledatiger.
(2)Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.
Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.
Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.
现在进行时
am/is/are+being+p.p.
(1)Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.
(2)Heismendinghiscar.
Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.
Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.
过去进行时
was/were+being+p.p.
(1)Hewassellingbooks.
(2)Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.
Bookswerebeingbuiltbyhim.
Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.
现在完成时
have/has+been+p.p.
(1)ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.
(2)Hehasfinishedthework.
ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.
Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.
过去完成时
had+been+p.p.
(1)Theyhassolvedtheproblem.
(2)Wehadtoldhimthenewsbythen.
Theproblemhadbeensolvedbythem.
Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyus.
一般将来时
shall/willbe+p.p.
(1)Ishallmakeaplan.
(2)Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.
Aplanwillbemadebyme.
Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.
过去将来时
wouldbe+p.p.
was/weregoingtobe+p.p.
(1)Hetoldmetheywouldpainttheroom.
(2)Theyweregoingtoputonaplaythenextweek.
Hetoldmetheroomwouldbepaintedbythem.
Aplaywasgoingtobeputbythemthenextweek.
情态动词
can/may/must/should
+be+p.p.
(1)Weshouldhandinourhomework.
(2)YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.
Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinbyus.
Thequestionmustbe
answeredinEnglishbyyou.
四.如何正确使用被动语态
1.有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。
需要注意的是:
若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。
eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.(主动语态)
(被动语态)
▲常带双宾语的词有:
tell,show,lend,pass等。
2.在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to还要还原。
eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.(主动语态)
Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.(被动语态)
▲有这种用法的常用动词有:
make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。
3.有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)。
”
比较:
(1)
(2)
4.只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。
eg.
【题型展示】
1.AtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.begiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.willgive
答案:
C (2003天津市)
2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish intotheriver.
A.needn’tbethrown B.mustn’tbethrown
C.can’tthrow D.maynotthrow
答案:
B (2003重庆市)
3.Youmaygofishingifyourwork .
A.isdone B.willbedone C.hasdone D.havedone
答案:
A (2003河北省)
4.Thetreesmust threetimesaweek.
A.water B.iswatering C.bewatered D.waters
答案:
C (2003长沙市)
5.—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessSue ,too.
—YoumeanifSuecomesyou’llcome?
A.willinvite B.invites C.invited D.isinvited
答案:
D (2003江西省)
6.Ilikemynewbike.It verywell.
A.rides B.isriding C.isridden D.hasridden
答案:
A (2003江西省)
7.Mr.Chenhasalondvoice.Hisvoicecan clearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.
A.hear B.beheard C.behearing D.haveheard
答案:
B (2003台湾省)
8.—It’stimetodoyourhomework,Jack.
—Yes,Mum.I’llturnofftheTVassoonastheprogramme .
A.ends B.end C.willbeended D.willend
答案:
A (2003广州市)
9.You tothemeeting,whydidn’tyougo?
A.beinvited B.willbeinvited C.wereinvited D.areinvited
答案:
C (2003山西省)
10.Alotoftrees alongtheriverlastyear.
A.planted B.areplanted C.wereplanted
答案:
C (2003四川省)
【实战模拟】
一.选择填空
1.TheriverssmellsterriblePeoplemust dirtythingsintoit.
A.bestoppedtothrow B.bestoppedfromthrowing
C.stoptothrow D.stopformthrowing
2.Paper firstinventedinChina.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
3.—Doyouliketheflower?
—Yes,it sweet.
A.issmelling B.smelt C.issmelt D.smells
4.Itsnowedheavily