新概念英语语法大全Word下载.docx
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willplay
shall
willbeplaying
willhaveplayed
willhavebeenplaying
should
wouldplay
wouldbeplaying
wouldhaveplayed
wouldhavebeenplaying
一、一般现在时:
1.构成:
使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
〔1〕直接加“s〞,works,takes
〔2〕以辅音加“y〞结尾,变“y〞为“i〞,再加“es〞
carry→carries
〔3〕以“o,s,x,ch,sh〞结尾的动词加“es〞
goesdresseswatchesbrushes
2.功能:
〔1〕表现在的事实、状态或动作:
eg:
►.Birdsfly.
►.Shelovesmusic.
►.Mary'
sparentsgetupveryearly.
〔2〕表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。
►.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.
►.Shewritestomeveryoften.
►.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.
〔3〕表客观真理,格言警句或事实:
►.Theearthmovesroundthesun.
►.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
►.Twoandtwomakesfour.
►.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤,熟能无过。
〔4〕表将来:
A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,
solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
〔黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!
〕
例如:
►.I'
lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.
►.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'
llmeetyou.
►.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.〔不错的句型,背下!
!
llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.〔很感人的句型!
B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。
►.Theplaybeginsat6:
30thisevening.
►.Whendoestheplanetakeoff?
►.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.
►.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.
〔按照时刻表,开往XX的特快列车早上7点出发。
测试精编
1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'
sbrother________anicejeep.
A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have
2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?
A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is
3.-________youthinkhewillcome?
-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.
A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain
4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.
A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved
5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinema
A.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go
二.现在进行时:
is/am/are+现在分词
1.表示现在正在进行的动作。
如
►.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?
►.Don'
tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?
You'
reputtingonweight〔体重增加〕。
►.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.
2.表现阶段正进行的动作。
►.Heistakingphysicsthissemester〔本学期〕。
►.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.
3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。
►.Look!
Thebusiscoming.看!
车来了!
►.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.
►.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.
4.与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用,表示说话人带有感情色彩:
赞赏或厌恶。
►.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.〔他总是想着别人。
►.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.〔这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。
►.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.〔老师一直在批评她迟到。
5.下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。
〔此条戒律请背10遍!
believe〔相信〕,doubt〔怀疑〕,see〔看见〕,hear〔听见〕,know〔知道〕,understand〔理解〕,belong〔属于〕,think〔认为〕,consider〔认为〕,feel〔觉得〕,look〔看起来〕,seem〔看上去〕,show〔显示〕,mind〔介意〕,have〔有〕,sound〔听起来〕,taste〔尝起来〕,require〔要求〕,possess〔拥有〕,care〔关心〕,like〔喜欢〕,hate〔讨厌〕,love〔喜爱〕,detest〔憎恨〕,desire〔意欲〕
[简单记忆]:
●永远不要说I'
mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说,这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.
●可怕的是:
我们在写作与口语中常犯此类大错!
●注意:
haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时,因为这里have意为“举行〞;
think意为“考虑〞。
测试精编:
1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________?
A.listening/hearingB.hear/listening
C.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto
2.Thegirlevenwon'
thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.
A.willfinishB.isfinishing
C.hadfinishedD.finishes
3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost〔职位〕________intheoffice.〔此题超前〕
A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewing
C.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing
4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.
A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishing
C.wishesD.hasbeenwished
5.Ifhe________,don'
twakehimup.
A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleeping
C.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill
三.一般过去时。
定义动词的过去式:
1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。
►.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.
►.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.
►.Chinawasfoundedin1949.
2.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
〔参〕
►.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.
►.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.
►.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.
3.一般过去时,现在时和过去时的几组差异:
〔别以为这很简单,下面的差异你不一定明白。
●Herbrotherwasachemist.〔已去世〕
●Herbrotherisachemist.〔尚健在〕
●That'
sallIhadtosay.〔话已说完〕
sallIhavetosay.〔言之未尽〕
●Itwassonicetoseeyou.〔离别时用〕
●Itissonicetoseeyou.〔见面时用〕
●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.〔已是当天下午或晚上〕
●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.〔仍是上午〕[本句现在完成时,此乃后话!
]
测试精编I:
〔用所给动词的正确进态填空〕。
1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.
2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.
3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.
4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.
测试精编II:
1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.
A.continuedB.didn'
tcontinue
C.hadn'
tcontinuedD.wouldcontinue
2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey________ofhungerandcold.〔without在这里表条件,你知道吗?
A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied
3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.
A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.moves
4.Whenallthosepresent〔到场者〕________hebeganhislecture.〔重点题〕
A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseated
5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI________not.
A.haveB.wouldhaveC.hadD.hadhad
四.过去进行时:
were/was+现在分词。
1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
►.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.
►.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.
►.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.
2.用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。
►.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.
►.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.
3.过去某时将发生的事。
可参考—2〔4〕
►.TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork.
►.HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.
1.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.
A.fell/wasridingB.feel/wereriding
C.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding
2.He________hislegashe________inafootballmatch.
A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplaying
C.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/played
3.-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathe________today.
A.wascorningB.iscoming
C.willcomeD.comes
4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.
A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcome
5.Michikecouldn'
tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe________inthelab.
A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworking
C.wasworkingD.worked
五.现在完成时:
have/has+过去分词
1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
常与yet,just,before,recently,lately〔最近〕,ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
●Hehasn'
tseenherlately.
●Ihaven'
tfinishedthebookyet.
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
如:
sofar〔迄今为止〕,uptillnow〔直到现在〕,since,foralongtime〔很长时间〕,uptopresent〔直到现在〕,inthepast/inthelastfewyears〔在过去的几年里〕,thesedays〔目前〕……
►.Hehasworkedherefor15years.
►.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.
►.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.
►.Sofar,Ihaven'
treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.
3.某些非延续性动词〔即:
动作开始便终止的动词〕,在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
黄金要点:
I.常见的非延续动词:
die,arrive〔到达〕,join〔加入〕,leave〔离开〕,go,refuse〔拒绝〕,fail〔失败〕,finish,buy,marry,divorce〔离婚〕,awake〔醒〕,buy,borrow,lend...〔背三遍!
II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。
III.但若是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
●Shehasgoneawayforamonth.〔误
●Shehasbeenawayforamonth〔正〕
●Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.〔误〕
●Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.〔正〕
●Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?
〔误〕
●Howlonghaveyougotthebook.〔正〕
4.注意since的用法:
►.Theyhaven'
thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.
►.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.
►.Hehasbeenheresince1980.
►.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.
5.几组对比:
HehasgonetoShanghai.他到XX去了。
HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过XX。
Shehasgone.她已走了。
Sheisgone.她缺席了。
〔or她死了。
Thedoorhasbeenclosed.门关上了。
〔动作〕
Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。
〔状态〕
1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.
A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeeping
2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there________noraininthisarea.
A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeen
3.TodayisJane'
sweddingday.She________John.
A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedto
C.hasjustbeenmarriedtoD.justhasbeenmarriedto
4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they________anywaterforages.
A.hadn'
tB.haven'
tC.haven'
thadD.hadn'
thad
5.Nowadayscomputer________awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.
A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfound
六.现在完成进行时:
have/has+been+现在分词
1.表示从过去某时开始发生,一直延续到现在且可能延续下去的动作。
〔最好将此定义读5遍〕
vebeenwaitingforanhourbu