英语经贸知识Word文档格式.docx

英语经贸知识Word文档格式.docx

《英语经贸知识Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语经贸知识Word文档格式.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Inthecomplexeconomicworld,nocountrycanbecompletelyself-sufficient.

（2）随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。

Withthedevelopmentofmanufacturingandtechnology,therearoseanotherincentivefortrade,i.e.internationalspecialization.

（3）按照比较利益学说，两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处。

Accordingtothetheoryofcomparativeadvantage,bothtradepartnerscanbenefitfromtrade.

（4）比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自己的行动发展某种特定的比较利益。

Comparativeadvantageisnotastaticconcept;

acountrymaydevelopaparticularcomparativeadvantagethroughitsownactions.

比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易的基石。

Theideaofcomparativeadvantagehasbecomethecornerstoneofmodernthinkingoninternationaltrade.

Lesson2

Economiesofscale:

thatis,thecostadvantagesoflarge-scaleproduction.

Tariffbarriers:

arethemostcommonformoftraderestriction.

Atariff:

isataxleviedonacommoditywhenitcrossestheboundaryofacustomsareawhichusuallycoincideswiththeareaofacountry.

Acustomsunion:

acustomsareaextendingbeyondnationalboundariestoincludetwoormoreindependentnationsiscalledacustomsunion.

Importduties:

aretariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea.

Exportduties:

aretaxesleviedongoodsleavinganarea.

Drawback:

referstodutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedifthegoodsarereexported.

Most-favored-nation（MFN）treatment:

referstoatarifftreatmentunderwhichacountryisrequiredtoextendtoallsignatoriesany

tariffconcessionsgrantedtoanyparticipatingcountry.

Quotasorquantitativerestrictions:

arethemostcommonformofnon-tariffbarriers.Aquotalimitstheimportsorexportsofacommodityduringagivenperiodoftime.

10.需求结构：

patternsofdemand生产能力：

productioncapabilities消费爱好：

consumptionpreference规模经济：

economiesofscale

成本优势：

costadvantage大规模生产：

large-scaleproduction关税和配额：

tariffsandquotas外汇：

foreignexchange革新或款式：

innovationorstyle移民汇款：

immigrantremittance

11.capabilityat/incostfor/ofatreasonablecostsleviedon

takeintoaccountwithoutreferenceto（不针对）makeeffortstoengagein

12.Translation:

一件商品的成本会因生产规模扩大而减少。

Thecostofproductwilldecreasewiththeexpansionofproductionscale.

在实际中，即使完全的专业化在经济上有利，也可能永远不会发生。

配额或者说数量限制是最常见的关税壁垒。

有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易，而无形贸易涉及的是国家间的劳务交换。

Thevisibletradeistheimportandexportofgoods,andtheinvisibletradeistheexchangeofservicesbetweencountries.

国家从事的贸易种类是多样的、复杂的，往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合。

Consignmenttransaction:

thismeanstheexporterhastosendhisgoodsabroadandwillnotgetpaymentuntilthegoodsaresold.Ifnotsold,thegoodscanbeshippedback.

Thedraft:

alsoreferredtoasthebillofexchange,isanunconditionalordertoabankoracustomertopayasumofmoneytosomeone

ondemandoratafixedtimeinthefuture.

Sightdraft:

callsforimmediatepaymentonpresentationtothedrawee.

Usancedraft:

ispayableatalaterdate,e.g.30,45,60or90daysaftersightordate.

Documentarydraft:

thedraftisaccompaniedbytherelevantdocumentssuchasthebilloflading,theinvoice,theinsurancepolicyetc.

Documentsagainstpayment（D/P）:

documentswillnotbereleasedtotheimporteruntilpaymentiseffected.

D/Patsight:

requiresimmediatepaymentbytheimportertogetholdofthedocuments.

D/Paftersight:

givestheimporteracertainperiodafterpresentationofthedocuments,butdocumentsarenotreleasedtohimuntilhe

actuallypaysforthemerchandise.

Documentsagainstacceptance（D/A）:

documentsarehandedovertotheimporteruponhisacceptanceofthebillofexchangedrawnbytheexporter.Paymentwillnotbemadeuntilalaterdate.D/Aisalwaysaftersight.

10.外汇管制：

foreignexchangecontrol预付现金：

cashinadvance记帐贸易：

openaccount破产：

gobankrupt

11.addupto（amountto）have/gaincontroloverpartwith（分手）enterintoondemand（立即）handoverto（交给）pushthesale（促销

upmoney（占压资金）make/effectpaymentopen/issue/establishL/Cwithbankinone“sfavor（以谁为受益人）

12.Translation:

?

）tie

在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，因为总存在对方不履约可能。

Ininternationaltrade,boththeexporterandimporterfacerisksasthereisalwaysthepossibilitythattheotherpartymayfailtofulfilthecontract.

为处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。

Variousmethodsofpaymenthavebeendevelopedtocopewithdifferentsituationsininternationaltrade

许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令。

Alotofinternationaltransactionsarepaidforbymeansofthedraft,whichisanordertoabankoracustomertopay.

即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单据。

Documentsagainstpaymentatsightrequiresimmediatepaymentbytheimportertogetholdofthedocuments.

就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。

Sofarastheexporter“sinterestisconcernedD/PatsightismorefavorablethanD/Paftersight,andD/PismorefavorablethanD/A.Lesson4

Theletterofcredit:

isaletterissuedbyabankattherequestoftheimporterinwhichthebankpromisestopayuponpresentationoftherelevantdocuments.

Theconfirmingbank:

thebankthataddsitsconfirmationtothecreditiscalledtheconfirmingbankwhichisundertakeneitherbythe

advisingbankoranotherprimebank.

Negotiatingbank:

ifabank,eithernominatedbytheopeningbankoratitsownchoice,buystheexporter"

sdraftsubmittedtoitunderacredit,itiscalledanegotiatingbank.

4.支付方法：

methodofpayment：

dispatchthegoods条款：

termsandconditions保信用：

confirmedletterofcredit分批可

船：

partialshipmentsortransshipment运船支：

carryingvessel一例：

theuniformcustomsandpracticefordocumentarycredits

5.match?

with（与?

一致）attherequestofbeconcernedwith（关心）

在国易中几乎不可能使付款和交同行。

信用付款方式双方都提供保障。

代信用在19世后半叶开始采用，第一次世界大后得到了性的展。

Moderncreditswereintroducedinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandhadsubstantialdevelopmentaftertheFirstWorldWar.

要么因信用金大，要么因开行不完全信任，出口商有可能需要保的信用。

Eitherbecausethecreditamountistoolarge,orbecausehedoesnotfullytrusttheopeningbank,theexportermaysometimesrequireconfirmedletterofcredit.

信用的形式、短、言和定各不相同。

Cleandraft:

draftnotaccompaniedwithshippingdocuments,forpaymentarecleancredit.

Documentarycredit:

creditsthatrequireshippingdocumentstobepresentedtogetherwiththedraft.

Irrevocablecredits:

arethosethatcannotbeamendedorrevokedwithouttheconsentofallthepartiesconcerned.

Revocablecredit:

thecreditisarevocableoneifsuchcommitmentscanbealteredorevencanceledwithoutconsultingwiththebeneficiary.

Confirmedcredit:

ifacreditisconfirmedbyabankotherthantheissuingbank,itbecomesaconfirmedcredit.

Sightcredit:

isonebywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraftandimpeccabledocumentsbythebeneficiarytothebank,asightcreditcallsforasightdraft.

Usancecredit:

isonebywhichpaymentcannotbemadeuntilaspecificdateoraspecifictimeafterthedateoraftersight,thistypeof

creditrequiresausancedraft.

Transferablecredit:

ifacreditcanbetransferredbytheoriginalbeneficiarytooneormoreparties,itisatransferablecredit.

Non-draftcredit:

thereisamoderntendencyforpaymenttobemadebypresentationofthedocumentswithouttheformalityof

drawingandpresentingadraft.

Revolvingcredit:

ifacreditstipulatedthatitsamountcanberenewedorreinstatedwithoutspecificamendmenttothecreditbeingmade.

11.Accompanywith/byconsultwith（和?

商）

信用按其作用、形式和机制分作不同的种。

Lettersofcreditareclassifiedintodifferenttypesaccordingtotheirfunction,form,andmechanism.

光票信用主要用于非易算，而在商品易中一般使用跟信用付款。

Cleanlettersofcreditaremainlyusedinnon-tradesettlement,whiledocumentarycreditsaregenerallyusedincommoditytrade.

在即期信用情况下，提示票和正确无的据后便立即付款。

Inthecaseofsightcredits,paymentcanbemadepromptlyuponpresentationofdraftandimpeccableshippingdocuments.

（4）期信用然要使用期票。

付款期限可30天，60天甚至可达180天。

Ausancecreditobviouslycallsforatimedraft,andtheusancevariesfrom30,60,toaslongas180days.

如果信用可以由原受益人另一个或几个人，那么种信用即可信用。

原受益人称作第一受益人，接受的称

作第二受益人。

Aletterofcreditiscalledtransferableifitcanbetransferredbyitsoriginalbeneficiarytooneormoreparties.Theoriginalbeneficiaryiscalledthefirstbeneficiary,andtheparty（orparties）thecreditistransferredtoiscalledthesecondbeneficiary.

于一笔具体交易来，信用不一定是最理想的付款方式。

双方根据具体情况作出最好的。

Theletterofcreditmaynotbethemostidealmethodofpaymentforaparticulartransaction,andthecontractingpartiesshouldmaketheirbestchoiceaccordingtothespecificconditions.

Contract:

isanagreementwhichsetsforthbindingobligationsoftherelevantparties.Itisenforceablebylaw,andanypartythatfailstofulfillhiscontractualobligationsmaybesuedandforcedtomakecompensation.

Firmoffer:

isapromisetosellgoodsatastatedprice.Inmakingafirmoffer,mentionshouldbemadeofthetimeofshipmentandthe

modeofpaymentdesirednadditiontoanexactdescriptionofthegoodsincludingtheq