教育类论文 中英对照Word格式文档下载.docx
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因此,正确认识并借鉴国外先进的教育方法,对促进孩子健康成长、提高未来人才的素质具有很重要的现实意义。
Abstract
Familyisthefirstschoolofone’slife,whichisalsothebasisandessentialsupplementofformaleducation.Generallyspeaking,family,asthesmallestcellofsociety,isthefirstlifestepforeveryoneasweallwerebornandliveinit,fromwhichweenteralargerandwiderfieldofsociallife.
Soasforeveryone,
familyisthefirstschoolandparentsarefirstteachersinit.
Besides,
family
iscloselylinkedtochildren’sbodymaturity,
knowledgeacquirement,
abilitycultivation,
morality
edification
andcharacterformation.
And
distinct
differencescanbefoundeasilyinfamilyeducationbetweenChinaandAmerica,
on
thefamilymemberrelationship,
parentsaredominantoverchildreninChinawhileequalintheUSA,
parents
aremorelikelytoshowrespecttochildren’sopinions.On
thebeliefofraisingchildren,
Chineseparentsareunexceptionaltohopetheirchildrentobeoutstandingwithoutregardto
their
ownqualitywhileAmericanparentspaymoreattentiontoimprovingchildren’sabilitytosurviveandcreatbasedon
owninterest.
Onthewayofeducation,
Chineseparentswillmonopolisealmostchildren’severythingthatshouldbedonebychildrenwhileAmericanparentsaremorewillingtoletchildrendoeverythingallbythemselves.
Becauseofthoseabovecauseagreatdisparityinadaptingchangingenvironmentaftertheygrowup.
Thusmakingit
withsignificantrealityforchildren’shealthygrowingupandimprovementoffuturetatents’
qualitybyrecognisingandlearningforeignadvancedteachingmethodscorrectly,
especiallyfrom
America.
[关键词]
家庭教育;
育儿观;
教育方式;
教育结果;
传统教育;
民主教育
;
现状
Keywords:
Familyeducation,Beliefofraisingchildren,Ways
ofeducation,Resultofeducation,Traditionaleducation,Democraticeducation,Actuality
家庭教育指的是在家庭互动过程中父母对子女的成长发展所产生的教育影响,也是全社会各个教育环节中最重要的一环。
中美两国由于在文化传统、观念意识、生活方式以及社会习俗等方面存在诸多不同之处,导致了两国在家庭教育方面也存在着很多差异,正确认识和了解两国之间的这种差异,对于促进我国当代家庭教育的良性发展有着十分重要的指导作用和现实意义。
Introduction
Education,
tosomeextent,isnotonlyasocialactivitytocultivatehumanbeings,butalsoamainwaytopasssocialcultureandexperiencefromgenerationtogeneration.Amongallwaystoeducate,familyeducationistheearliestandthemostimportantone,whichplaysanessentialroleinthemodeofthinkingand
theformationofworldoutlook,whicharecloselyrelatedtochildren’scharacters.
Besides,therearemanydifferencesbetween
China
andthe
USA
infamilyeducation,becauseoftherootdifferencesinculturetradition,ideaandsense,lifestyleandsocialcustoms.Only
byrecognising
andunderstandingthedifferences
betweenthecountries
correctly,canwepromotethepositivedevelopmentoffamilyeducationwithvitalsignificanceindirectionand
actuality.
RecentlyaChinese-Americanyoungman,JimmyLin,hasprevailedinNBA.Maybeinyourmind,theNBAbelongstotheblack
andwhite,fewyellowguyscanbeseenonthathighestlevelofbasketstageexceptYaoMingandYiJianlian.
ButYaoMinghasretiredlastsummer,whichleavesusendlessmemoryandpity.WhileYiJianliandoesn’thavemuchchancetoshowinDallasMavericks.Bothofthemhaveasuperiorheight,whichenablesthemagreatadvantageoverothers.Butwithaheightof
1.91m,youmaythinkitishardtoshowinCBA,letaloneNBA.ButJimmyLin
notonlydiditbutalsosucceed.Howcanaobscureladwithoutsomanybodyadvantagesjustsucceed?
Besides,heisaHarvardgraduate.
Whycan’twebringupsomepeoplelikethatwiththelargestpopulationin
China?
Theremustbesomethingwrongwithoureducation.Inthisessay,wewillhaveahotdiscussionontheissueandtrytofindoutsomepossiblereasons.
中美家庭教育的差异
IDifferencesinfamilyeducationbetween
andtheUSA
传统的中国式教育强调仁爱与服从,而美国家庭则注重公正和自由。
中国家长通常喜欢“塑造”孩子,希望孩子按自己的意愿去发展。
他们往往用自己的理性来干涉孩子们的自然发展,因此很大程度上剥夺了孩子自由选择的权利。
美国家庭则更重视孩子们的自主权,让孩子学会在社会允许的条件下自己做决定,独立解决自己所遇到的各种问题。
其差异大致可归纳为以下几点:
TraditionalChineseeducationemphasizes
benevolenceandobedience,whileAmericanfamilypaysmoreattentiontofairnessandfreedom.Chineseparentsliketomold
childrentomeetparents’
unrealisticwishes.Theyusualllyinterfere
almosteverythingoftheirchildrenbasedon
rationalconsideration,whichlargelydeprivestherightsoftheirchildrentochoosefreely.Onthecontrary,Americanchildrenarefreetochoosewhattheylike,supposedtomakeadecisionbythemselveswithinpermissionofsociallawsandsolveanydifficultiestheyencouteredinlifeindependentlythanksto
uniquefamilyeducationwhichemphasisesmoreonchildren’sindependence.AsfarasIknow,the
differencescanbesummedupasbelow.
一、两种不同的家庭成员关系
1.1
Twooppositefamilyrelationships
我国当代家庭教育受传统的家庭观念影响,家长总是意味着权威,作为统治者在家庭中处于核心地位。
Chineseparentsareauthoritiesofthefamilyallthetimeandpalyadominantroleinthefamilywhichputparentsinthe
coreofthefamilybecauseofdeepinfluencesoftraditionalbelievesoffamilyeducation.
孩子在父母眼里永远是长不大的,父母对孩子的教导可以持续到孩子长大以后许多年。
Childrenwillalwaysbechildrenintheeyeofparentsnomatterhowoldheis,andtheinfluences
inheritedfromtheirparents
willcasta
shadowontheirmindfordecadesofyears.
另外,在中国人的逻辑中有这么一条,即“长者恒为师”,在家庭中,年长者一定可以教育年幼者,这就在家庭内部形成一种人际关系的不平等,儿童也由此学会了对不同的人说不同的话,懂得了父母比朋友重要,长者是权威的象征。
Besides,theolderisalwaystheteacherremainstheunchangingruleandwidespreadlogicinChinawhichdeeplyrootedinthemindofChinesepeople,thuscausedanunequal
relationshipinthefamily,theoldercaneducatetheyounger,buttheyoungercan’teventhoughtheoldermaybewrong,what’smore,theyhavetolearnhowtocommunicatewithdifferentfamilymembersandgraduallyrecogniseparentsaremoreimportantthanfriendsandtheolderisthesymbolofauthority.长期处于这种环境下,孩子慢慢习惯了在多重规则下生活。
然而随着物质生活水平的提高和计划生育政策的执行,许多家庭走向另一个极端,让孩子在家庭中处于特殊地位并加以重点保护,孩子成了中心人。
Afterlivinginthiscircumstanceforacoupleofyears,childrengraduallygetusedto
livinginmulti-rules.Whilewiththeimprovementof
conditionsofsocialmateriallife
andimplementationofonebabypolicy,manyfamiliesgotoanotherextreme
withthechildrenasthecenterofthefamilybyputtingtheminaspecialpositionwithintenselyspecialprotections.
对孩子采取百依百顺的态度,好吃的让孩子独享,该让孩子做的却由父母包办代替了。
他们过分满足孩子的任何需要,生活上过分优待孩子,经济上过多偏重孩子,这就造成家庭关系的另一种不平等。
在我国,孩子在家庭生活中较少有发言权,参与权,中国父母对孩子的要求就是受规矩,服劝导。
正如美国前总统尼克松说:
“中国的教育制度从小把他们训练的十分驯服,从小灌输要听大人话的思想,不允许有独立见解,更不允许像爱因斯坦自称的“离经叛道”,这种教育方式只能培养出“守业型人才”,但却失去了中国的达尔文和爱因斯坦”。
Underthiscondition,parentsaresupposedtodoanythinginsteadof
childrenthemselves
andindulgethemwhatevertheywant.What’swrose,parentsaresubmissiveinattitude,pamperinginlifeandgenerousinproketmoney
soastomeetanypossibledesiresofchildren.Thuscauesedanunequalrelationshipinfamily.Whatchildrenneedtodoisobeyallkindsofrulesandsubmitto
orders,theyhavelittlevoiceorparticipationinfamilyactivities.AstheformerAmericanpresidentNixonsays”Chinesechildrenareeducatedtobesubmissive
anduncreative,it’salmostimpossibletofindDarwinand
Einstein
inthiscountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld,letaloneNobelPrizeowner”
而在美国家庭,家长更注重自由与平等的相处。
从小就尊重孩子,重视给孩子的个人自主权,让孩子学会在社会允许的条件下自己做决定,独立解决自己所遇到的各种问题。
他们把孩子当做一个独立的个体平等对待,给孩子应有的尊重和理解。
Whileonthecontrary,Americanparentsemphasisfreedomandequalitywithchildren,theyallowchildrentomakeadesionundercertaincircumstance,encouragethemtofacetoughdifficultiesbravelyandrespectwhatchildchoose.Theytreatchildrenasanindependentand
equalindividualmorethanachildwithdeservedrespectandunderstanding.孩子在家里有发言权、参与权,美国父母鼓励孩子“保留意见”、“固执”、“不听话”,允许孩子“不听话”主要是指思维上的“不听话”;
美国孩子有选择权,美国父母在孩子的认知能力有了初步发展时,就很重视让孩子自己去进行选择,作出决定,他们可以选择音乐,图书,游戏,长大了自己选择朋友,自己选择职业、自己选择婚姻对象、结婚时间。
美国父母不会代替孩子选择,他们主要是引导孩子怎样进行选择,或者站在孩子的身后,给孩子信心,鼓励孩子“用你的眼睛去观察”。
美国父母如朋友,他们可以平等的交流,父母与子女的关系比较密切。
所以,孩子有独立的时间和空间去自由的想像或进行创造性活动
Children
areencouragedtospeakouttheirownopinionsandfreeto
jionfamilyactivities.Whendisgreementsarise,parentswon’tforcethemtoobeytoreachaconsensus,insteadparentswillguidethemtoreservetheiropinionsandaccepttheirstubbornnessanddisobedience.
American
parentsemphasisondevelopingthesenseofindependenceofchildrenataveryearlyage.
Thatiswhyyoucannoticeasmallkidislikeanadult,callingthenamesoffriendsandrelatives,evenparentsdirectly,speakingouthisownopinionsloudlyandtakeanactivepartinfamilydiscussion.Theyknowthatitistheirbusinesstohandletroublesratherthanparents’.Parentsalsocannotscoldtheirchildrenattheirwill.Theyleavethosethingstosteeltheirchildren,whichmakekidsmorebravetoventure,topresentthemselvesandtodowhatevertheycan.Sochildrenhavemoreindependenttimeandspacetoflytheirownimaginationstocreatsomethingunique.
二、两种不同的育儿观
1.2Twodifferentchild-raisingconcepts
中国式家庭教育往往着眼于孩子将来是否有出息,能否找个好职业,能否在顺境中度过一生。
基于这种期盼,很多家长认为,父母对孩子的责任就是让他们生活得更好,父母能给他们多少幸福就给他们多少幸福。
若能给孩子创造最优越的生活条件,再苦再累也愿意。
为此,父母在孩子成长过程中,除了生活上进行无微不至的照顾,还特别关心孩子的智商,为了能让孩子成龙成凤,除了学习,什么都不让孩子干。
至于孩子的独立生活能力、对未来生活的适应能力,以及公民意识等却很少考虑,认为孩子只要成绩好,什么问题都能解决。
Chineseparentsexpecttoomuchontheirchildren’sstudy,theythinktheonlywaytosuccessisgradesandtheonlystandardtobesuccessfulisenteringintouniversities.Inordertolettheirchildrenperformwellinstudyandbesuccessful,parentsa