国际贸易实务练习Word格式.docx
《国际贸易实务练习Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《国际贸易实务练习Word格式.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
dumpling
出口型经济增长
export-driveneconomicgrowth
东道国
hostcountry
贸易差额
balanceoftrade
贸易顺差/贸易逆差
favorable/unfavorablebalanceoftrade
欧盟
EuropeanUnion
国际收支顺差/国际收支逆差favorable/unfavorablebalanceofpayments
有形贸易
visibletrade
无形贸易
invisibletrade
货物贸易
tradeingoods
服务贸易
tradeinservices
Ⅲ
ThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthetradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChina,andithasbeengrowing.Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,indicatingthatthetradedeficitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996,totaling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.
Ⅳ
1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.
2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingand
importingoftangiblegoods.
3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.
4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.
5.FDIistheonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.
6.Investmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneytoitsmoney
withrelativesafety.
Ⅴ
1.Internationaltradeisthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.
2.Intoday'
scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nations
participateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationshasalloftheeconomicresources（land,laborandcapital）thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountyenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneed.Asfor
thepreferencereasons,internationaltradetakespalacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.
3.Inmeasuringtheeffectivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.
4.FDI,theabbreviationfromForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanentpropertyandbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestinaforeigncountryismade.ThegreatsignificantofFDIforChinamightbethat:
FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.
Chapter2
关税壁垒
tariffbarriers
非关税壁垒
non-tariffbarriers
从量税
specificduties
配额
quota
保护性关税
protectivetariff
市场失灵
marketfailure
幼稚产业
infantindustry
许可证制度
licensingsystem
财政关税
revenuetariff
政府采购
governmentprocurement
贸易保护主义
tradeprotectionism
从价税
AdvaloremDuties
最低限价
floorprice
本地采购规则
"
buylocal"
rules
增加内需
raisedomesticdemand
Domesticcontent
国内含量
Red-tapebarriers
进口环节壁垒
Exportsubsidies
出口补贴
Bindingquota
绑定配额
Absolutequotas
绝对配额
VER
自愿出口限制
Tariff-ratequotas
关税配额
Zeroquota
零配额
"
buylocal"
rules
本地采购原则
1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignproducers.
保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
2.IftheRussianreleasetheirstocksoftinintoworldmarket,thepriceofmetalwillsinkthroughthefloor.
一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。
3.Protectivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonimportedproductsforthepurposeofmarkingthemmoreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,therebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.
保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从而使得本国商品具有价格优势。
4.Typesoftariffincludeadvalorem,specific,variableorcompound.IntheUnitedStates,theimpositionoftariffismadeonimportedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimportedgoods,thusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimportingcountry.Afterseven"
Rounds"
ofGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade（GATT）tradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.
关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。
在美国，只对进口商品征税。
关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得他们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。
继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。
1.Tariffisadutycollectedbycustomsofagovernmentonimportsand/orexports.
2.Arevenuetariffcanbesomeoftheincomesofagovernment,butitmustbetakenundercontrol.
3.Toexportgoodsatanunreasonablylowpriceistakenasdumplingwhichmightbefightagainstbygovernmentofimportingcountry.
4.Atariffmaybeassessedonaperunitbasis,inwhichcaseitisknownasaspecificduty.Italsomaybeassessedasapercentageofthevalueoftheitem,inwhichcaseitisknownasanadvaloremduty.
5.Importtariffsprimarilyservesasameansofraisingthepriceoftheimportgoodssothatcompetitivelyproduceddomesticgoodswillgainarelativepriceadvantage.
Chapter3
APEC
Asia-pacificEconomicCo-operation
FTAAP
FreeTradeAgreementofAsiaandthePacific
EU
NAFTA
NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement
MERCOSUR
MercadoComundelSur/Southern
CommonMarket
ASEAN
AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations
EFTA
EuropeanFreeTradeArea
AFTA
ASEANFreeTradeArea
PTAs
PreferentialTradeagreements
Tradebloc
贸易集团
Tradeblock
贸易禁运/封锁
Openregionalism
开放式区域主义
Freetradearea
自由贸易区
Customsunion
关税联盟
Commonmarket
共同市场
Economicunion
经济联盟
Tradeembargoes
贸易禁运
Boycotts
抵制
歧视性关税
discriminatorytariffs
经济制裁
economicsanction
贸易弹性
tradeelasticity
双边贸易协定
bilateraltradeagreement
最惠国
mostfavorednation
Chapter4
GATT
GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade
HOD
HeadsofDelegations
TRIPS
Trade-relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights
GATS
GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices
TRIMs
TradeRelatedInvestmentMeasures
MFN
MostFavoredNations
施惠国
Patronagenations
受惠国
Favorednations
缔约国
ContractingParties
市场准入
marketaccess
透明度
transparency
紧急进口措施
UrgentImportingMeasures
争端解决机制
disputesettlementmechanism
可持续发展
sustainabledevelopment
特许经营
franchise
1.UntilnowWTOhasalreadyhad150membersanditstradevolumecovers90%ofthetotaltradevolumeinthewholeworld.
2.TopmostofWTOistheMinisterialConferencewhichhastomeetatleastonceeverytwoyears.UndertheMinisterialConferenceistheGeneralCouncilthathastomeetatGenevaregularly.
3.TheWTOSecretariat,whichofficesonlyinGeneva,Switzerland,hasaround550regularstuffandisheadedbyaDirector-General.SincedecisionsaremadebyMembersonly,theSecretariathasnodecision-makingpowersastheotherinternationalinstitutions.
4.TheSecretariatprovidessomeformoflegalassistanceinthedisputesettlementprocessandadvisesgovernmentswishingtobecomeMembersoftheWTO.
Chapter5
FOB班轮条件FOBlinerterm
清关customsclearance
FOB吊钩下交货FOBUnderTackle
平舱trim
多式联运multimodaltransport
船舷shipboard
内陆水运marinenavigationoninlandwaterway
理舱stow
卸货费dischargeexpense
投保coverinsurance
CFR卸至岸上（含着陆费）CFRLanded
班轮liner
单据买卖documentarysales
CFR舱底交货CFREx-ship’sHold
CFR班轮条件CFRlinerterms
象征性交货symbolicdelivery
1.UnderCFR,buyershouldeffectinsurance.
2.
UnderCIFEx-ship’sHold,sellershouldpaythedischargecharges.
3.
UnderCIF,theinsuredamountshouldbeUS＄22000ifthecontractedpriceisUS＄20000.
4.
UnderCIP,sellerhastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.
5.TheFAStermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.
6.
TheDEQtermrequiresthebuyertoproceedwiththecustomsclearanceforimportsandpaymentofallcustomsduty.
7.
UnderDDP,thesellermustpaythecostsofcustomsdutiesaswellasallduties,taxesandotherofficialchargespayableupo
升级会员 