份四级答案Word格式.docx
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shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.
Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?
Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.
Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.
②.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?
Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.
RiskyBusiness
Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.
Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.
③.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'
tseetheriskswe'
retaking,wecan'
tmakeresponsiblechoices.
Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'
tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.
④.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"
unintentional"
doesnotexcusethemisconduct.
Ignoranceisnotadefense.
"
ButEverybodyDoesIt"
Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'
retakingbyusingexcuses:
"
Everyoneelsedoesit,"
I'
mnothurtinganyone,"
or"
Ireallyneedthisgrade."
Excusescangetveryelaborate:
IknowI'
mlookingatanother'
sexam,eventhoughI'
msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'
snotcheatingbecauseI'
mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."
Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'
renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'
tseetherealchoicewe'
remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.
⑤.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:
Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?
Ifyou'
dratherhideyouractions,that'
sagoodindicationthatyou'
retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.
EvaluatingRisks
Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.
⑥.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("
what'
sinitforme"
),andsimplyhaven'
tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.
Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"
0"
onatestorassignment;
an"
F"
intheclass;
SuspensionorDismissalfromschool;
transcriptnotation;
andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:
youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'
tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.
GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot
⑦.Thosewhodon'
tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.
Acheaterdoesn'
tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:
thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'
tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"
easier."
Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'
tgetthissimplemessage:
HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.
CheatingHurtsOthers,Too
Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"
don'
tcount"
anddon'
treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'
grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"
poisons"
theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("
IfIdon'
tcheat,Ican'
tcompetewiththosewhodo."
)Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,but
⑧.acheatersays,"
mnotinterestedinwhatyou'
retryingtoteach;
allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,
regardlessoftheeffectonothers."
Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.
WhyIntegrityMatters
Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.
⑨.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.
Ifnot,wecouldn'
tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,
⑩.Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.
Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'
seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.
Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.
解析:
1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.
A)stickstothemintheirdailylife
B)makesthemknowntoothers
C)understandstheirtruevalues
D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem
选择
stickstothemintheirdailylife
定位在原文第一段,文中说正直(integrity)的关键是一致性(consistency),不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则,还要每天都坚守。
2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?
A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit
B)Itfacilitatescommunication
C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust
D)Itinspiresmutualrespect
Itisthebasisofmutualtrust.
题干问正直在人际关系和事业关系中扮演着什么样的角色。
定位回第二段,文中说“信任(trust)在任何关系中都是最根本的
(essential),而正直正是最重要的目标之一”。
3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?
A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.
B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.
C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.
D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.
Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.
定位回原文第四段标红的句子,答案完全照抄原文。
4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?
A.ithascausednoharm.
B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.
C.ithasgoneunnoticed.
D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions
itisclaimedtobeunintentional.
定位至第四段倒数第二句,文中说“无意识的(unintentional)”并不能为这一违背(violation)道德的行为开脱。
5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?
A.Avoidmakingexcuses.
B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.
C.Makehisintensionspublic.
D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.
Avoidmakingexcuses
定位回到第六段段首,watchoutforexcuses与本答案对应。
6.Th