份四级答案Word格式.docx

1、s hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed.But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others.Trust is essential in

2、 any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or p

3、eer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems.We must learn to recognize risks, becaus

4、e if we cant see the risks were taking, we cant make responsible choices.To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesnt know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep care

5、ful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required.But the fact that such a violation is unintentional does not excuse the misconduct.Ignorance is not a defense.But Everybody Does ItMost people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselv

6、es about the risks theyre taking by using excuses: Everyone else does it,Im not hurting anyone, or I really need this grade. Excuses can get very elaborate:I know Im looking at anothers exam, even though Im supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but thats not cheating because Im just checking my

7、answers, not copying. We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing were not doing anything wrong, we cant see the real choice were making-and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test:Ask how you woul

8、d feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If youd rather hide your actions, thats a good indication that youre taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth

9、taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself.Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits （whats in it for me）, and simply havent considered what might go wrong.The cons

10、equences of getting caught are serious, and may include a 0 on a test or assignment; an F in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose pu

11、nishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there arent many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It-O

12、r Not.Those who dont get caught pay an even higher price.A cheater doesnt learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem an

13、d integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesnt get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems easier. This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads

14、 only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didnt get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as

15、 if their actions dont count and dont really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a cl

16、ass is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating poisons the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. （If I dont cheat, I cant compete with those who do.） Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is se

17、eing students learn, but.a cheater says, m not interested in what youre trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade,regardless of the effect on others. The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the Univ

18、ersity, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.If not, we couldnt put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a b

19、ridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist-the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course,.Watergate, have undermi

20、ned the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole.Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nations economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the nation

21、al debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.解析：1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethi

22、cal standards but also _.A） sticks to them in their daily lifeB） makes them known to othersC） understands their true valuesD）sees that others also follow them选择sticks to them in their daily life定位在原文第一段，文中说正直（integrity）的关键是一致性（consistency），不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则，还要每天都坚守。2. What role does integrity play in p

23、ersonal and professional relationships?A） It helps to create team spiritB） It facilitates communicationC） It is the basis of mutual trustD） It inspires mutual respectIt is the basis of mutual trust.题干问正直在人际关系和事业关系中扮演着什么样的角色。定位回第二段，文中说“信任（trust）在任何关系中都是最根本的（essential），而正直正是最重要的目标之一”。3. why must we le

24、arn to identify the risks we are going to take？A. To ensure we make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C. so that we dont break any rules.D. so that we dont run into trouble.To ensure we make responsible choices.定位回原文第四段标红的句子，答案完全照抄原文。4. Violation of a rule is misconduct eve

25、n if _?A. it has caused no harm.B. it is claimed to be unintentional.C. it has gone unnoticed.D. it is committed with good intentionsit is claimed to be unintentional.定位至第四段倒数第二句，文中说“无意识的（unintentional）”并不能为这一违背（violation）道德的行为开脱。5. What should one do if he doesnt wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses.B. Listen to other peoples advice.C. Make his intensions public.D. Have others watch over his shoulder.Avoid making excuses定位回到第六段段首，watch out for excuses与本答案对应。6. Th