BasicComputerMaintenanceWord格式文档下载.docx

BasicComputerMaintenanceWord格式文档下载.docx

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ComputerMaintenanceProcedures

Quiteafewthingscanbedonetomaintainyourcomputerandyoudonotneedtobeacomputertechnicianinordertodoso.HereisalistofsomeoftheComputerMaintenanceProceduresyoucandoyourself:

1.HardDriveMaintenance

2.PrivacySoftware

3.UpdatingYourSoftware

HardDriveMaintenance

Oneofthemostimportantcomponentsisyourcomputer’sharddrive.Ontheharddrivealltheoperatingsystem’sfilesarestoredalongwithprogramsandfilesofyourdata.Practicinggoodharddrivemaintenancewillensureyourharddriveisfast,efficientandwilllastforyears.

HardDriveMaintenanceItems

Thereareafewthingsthatarepartofharddrivemaintenancethatyoucando.Thingssuchasrunningscandisk,diskdefragmenterandharddrivestorageareessentialstepsinmaintainingyourharddriveandkeepingitinpeekcondition

ScanningtheHardDrive

Inordertoscantheharddrive,youneedtorunScanDisk.ScanDiskisabuiltinWindowsSystemUtilityprogramusedtocheckforerrorsintheharddrive.TodothisinanyWindows95andneweroperatingsystem,refertothenextsection“RunningScanDisk”

WhatDoesScanDiskDo?

ScanDiskisusedtocheckforerrorsonaharddisk.IfScanDiskfindserrors,itwilltrytocorrecttheseerrorsautomatically.IfthereareproblemswithareasontheharddiskthatScanDiskcannotfix,ScanDiskwillmarkthemas“bad”,andWindowswillnotwritetothesebadareasontheharddisk.

ErrorsontheharddiskcanoccurfromimproperWindowsshutdown,programsendingincorrectly（eitherthroughcrashingorthepowerbeingturnedoffwhentheprogramwastryingtosave）orjustbasic“wearandtear”oftheharddrive.

RunningScanDisk

1.Doubleclickonmycomputeronyourdesktop

⏹MyComputer

2.Rightclickontheharddrive,andselect“Properties”

⏹Accessingharddriveproperties

3.InWindowsXP,under“Tools”,select“CheckNow…”under“Error-checking”

⏹StartingScanDisk–WindowsXP

4.InWindowsXP,checkoff“Automaticallyfixfilesystemerrors”and“Scanforandattemptrecoveryofbadsectors”.Click“Start”

⏹Checkingtheharddisk–WindowsXP

5.WindowsXPwillstatethatitwillneedtorestartWindowsandwillrunthechecknexttimeitstartsup.Click“Yes”andrestartWindows

⏹SchedulingScanDisk–WindowsXP

6.InWindows95/98/ME,under“Tools”,select“CheckNow…”under“Error-checkingstatus”

⏹StartingScanDisk–Windows95/98/ME

7.InWindows95/98/ME,selectthedriveyouwishtocheck,under“Typeoftest”,keep“Standard”selectedunlessyoufeelthatyoumayhaveproblemswiththeharddrive’ssurface;

ifso,select“Thorough”.Checkoff“Automaticallyfixerrors”andthenclick“Start”

⏹ScanDisk–Windows95/98/ME

8.ScanDiskwilltakefrom10minutestoafewhours,dependingonthetypeoftest,amountoferrorswasintheharddriveand/orthesizeoftheharddrive

9.OnceScanDiskisfinishedinWindows95/98/ME,therewillbeabriefsummaryoftheresults.Click“Close”toendScanDisk

⏹ScanDiskresults–Windows95/98/ME

DefragmentingtheHardDrive

Inordertodefragmenttheharddrive,youneedtorunaDiskDefragmenterprogram.DiskDefragmenterisabuiltinWindowsSystemUtilityprogramusedtodefragmenttheharddrive.TodothisinanyWindows95andneweroperatingsystem,followthestepsoutlinedin“RunningDiskDefragmenter”

DefragmentingtheHardDrive,aWarning

ItishighlyrecommendedthatthepowertothecomputershouldnotbeturnedoffwhenrunningDiskDefragmenter.SinceDiskDefragmenteriscopyingandmovingaroundfiles,shuttingoffpowertothecomputercancausedamagetoyourharddriveandpossibledataloss!

WhatisFragmentation?

Fragmentationreferstotheconditionofadiskinwhichfilesaredividedintopiecesscatteredaroundthedisk.Windowswilltrytowritethefilecontiguously,（basicallymeaning,allinformationinarow,inthesameareaorinclustersontheharddisk）,butsometimesthefileistoolargeinordertodoso.So,Windowswillstorepartsofafileinnon-contiguousclusters.Thisisentirelyinvisibletousers,butitcanslowdownthespeedatwhichdataisaccessedbecausethediskdrivemustsearchthroughdifferentpartsofthedisktoputtogetherasinglefile.

Itisrecommendedthatyoucloseallprogramsorapplications,turnoffyourscreensaverandletWindowsrunDiskDefragmenter.AnyotherharddiskaccesswillcauseDiskDefragmentertore-readthedriveinformation,thereforecausingDiskDefragmentertorestart.

RunningDiskDefragmenter

3.Now,select“Tools”andselect“DefragmentNow…”

⏹AccessingDefragmentation–WindowsXP

a.InWindows95/98/ME,under“Defragmentationstatus”,itwilltellyouwhenthelasttimeyouhavedefragmentedthedrive.Click“DefragmentNow…”tostartDiskDefragmenter.

⏹AccessingDefragmentation–Windows95/98/ME

4.NowinWindowsXP,clickon“Defragment”

⏹StartingDiskDefragmenter–WindowsXP

5.Windows95/98/ME,DiskDefragmentershouldalreadyberunning

⏹DiskDefragmenterrunning–Windows95/98/ME

6.DiskDefragmenterisnowrunning.Dependingonthesizeofyourharddriveand/orhowfragmentedthedrivewas,itmaytakeanywherefrom15minutestoafewhourstobecompleted.

⏹DiskDefragmenterrunning–WindowsXP

PrivacySoftware

WhatisPrivacySoftware?

PrivacySoftware

PrivacySoftwareissoftwarethatensuresyourprivacyismaintainedwhenyouareontheInternet.Manydifferentprogramsthatyouuseonyourcomputer,fromawebbrowser（i.e.InternetExplorer）toInstantMessaging（MSNMessenger,YahooMessenger）keepstrackofwhoyouare,sitesthatyouhavevisitedandothersuchinformationthroughcookies,browserhistory,usernameandpasswordstorageandtemporaryfiles.PrivacySoftwareensuredthedeletionofthesefilesandpreventionofthisinformationbeingtransferredtoothersources.

WhyUsePrivacySoftware?

UsingPrivacySoftwareensurestheprivacyofyouandyourinformationonyourcomputer,butalsocleansupspace,preventstheunauthorizedinstallationofsoftware（spy-ware,adwareanddialers）andfreesupyourInternetbandwidth.

TypesofPrivacySoftware

Therearemanydifferentkindsofprivacysoftwareoutthere,allclaimingtoprotectyoufromhackers,stoppop-upsandpreventspyware.Mostoftheseprogramsaddtotheprobleminsteadoffixingit（sincetheycontainspywareandadware）.ThereisaprogramthatIfeelisoneofthebestprogramsoutthereforprivacysoftware,plusthisprogramisfreetodownloadforpersonaluse.

Spybot–Search&

Destroy–http:

//www.safer-networking.org

Destroycandetectandremovespywareofdifferentkindsfromyourcomputer.Spywareisarelativelynewkindofthreatthatcommonanti-virusapplicationsdonotyetcover.IfyouseenewtoolbarsinyourInternetExplorerthatyoudidn'

tintentionallyinstall,ifyourbrowsercrashes,orifyoubrowserstartpagehaschangedwithoutyourknowing,youmostprobablyhavespyware.Butevenifyoudon'

tseeanything,youmaybeinfected,becausemoreandmorespywareisemergingthatissilentlytrackingyoursurfingbehaviourtocreateamarketingprofileofyouthatwillbesoldtoadvertisementcompanies.

Destroycandetectandremoveamultitudeofadwarefilesandmodulesfromyourcomputer.SpybotalsocancleanprogramandWeb-usagetracksfromyoursystem,whichisespeciallyusefulifyoushareyourcomputerwithotherusers.Spybot’sbestfeatureis“Immunize”,whereasSpybotwillcreatemockspywareandadwareentriesonyousystemto“fool”thespywareandadwareintothinkingthatithasalreadybeeninstalled,soitdoesnotinstallitselfonthecomputer.

RunningSpybot–Search&

Destroy

1.First,gotohttp:

//www.safer-networking.org/en/download/index.html

2.Underthe“Download”heading,clickontheSpybot-Search&

Destroy1.3link

3.ClickonamirrorsitetodownloadSpybot–Search&

Destroy.

4.Oncedownloaded,doubleclickthefiletostarttheinstallationprocess.AgreetotheLicenseAgreementtostartinstalling.KeepthedefaultinstalloptionstoinstallSpybot–Search&

5.Checkoffthe“Don’tshowthismessageagain.”underLegalStuff（besides,programsthatneedadvertisementrobotstorunarespy-ware/adware）,andclick“OK”

⏹LegalStuff

6.Spybotwillaskyouifyouwishtocreatearegistrybackup.Thisisagoodideatodojustincasesomethinggoeswrongwiththeregistry.Whendone,click“Next”

⏹Spybot-S&

DWizard–RegistryBackup

7.SincewewillbeupdatingSpybotanyways,wecanskipthe“Searchforupdates”.Click“Next”

DWizard–Updates

8.Afterwe