英语语法教案模板共合集.docx
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英语语法教案模板共合集
英语语法教案模板(共合集)
教
案
课程名称
英语语法
Lecture1SentenceStructure
教学重点及难点:
1.
Theclaificationofboundmorphemeandthefrequentlyappliedboundmorphemes;
2.
Thebasicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansion
教学基本内容
1.
BasicConceptsofmorphemes,words,phrases,clauses,andsentences;2.
Waysofword-formation:
affixation,derivationandcomposition;3.
Waysofsentenceanalysis:
onewaysistodividethepredicateintopredicateverb,object,complementandadverbial.Theotherwayistodividethepredicateintotwoparts:
theoperatorandthepredication.4.
BasicclausetypesincludeSVC,SV,SVA,SVO,SVOA,SVOC,andSvoO.Anaffirmativeclausecanbetransformedintoanegative;astatementintoaquestion,andaactiveclauseintoapaive.Alltheseaddvarietiestothebasicclausetypes.
Lecture1SentencestructureOwingtothefactthatsentencesinauthenticlanguagedifferstructurallyinthousandsofways,whatisdescribedhereassentencestructure,sentenceelements,orsentencepatternsisonlyconcernedwiththesimplesentence,orratherwiththeclause.1.1clauseelementsAshasbeenpointedoutbefore,theclauseorthesimplesentenceisstructurallyasequenceofphrasesandlogicallyaconstructionof―subject+predicate‖.Thatistosay,theclauseorthesimplesentenceisnotjustanagglomerationofphrases;itisagroupofphrasesorganizedintoaconstructionof―subject+predicate‖.1)SubjectandpredicateAfull-fledgedclausecangenerallybedividedintotwoparts:
thesubjectandthepredicate.Thesubjectisthetopicorthemeofthesentence,whichtellofwhatthesentenceisabout.Thepredicatesayssomethingaboutthesubjectandbearthenewinformationwhichthespeakerorwriterwantstotransmittothelistenerorreader.Thesubjectisgenerallyrealizedbyanounphraseoranequivalentofnounphrase,whiletheconstructionofthepredicate,whichismorecomplicated,generallyconsistsofaverbphrasewithorwithoutcomplementation.2)TwowaysofsentenceanalysisTofacilitatedescriptionofhowEnglishlanguageworks,sentencescanbeanalyzedintwoways.Onewayistodividethepredicateintopredicateverb,object,complementandadverbial.Theseelementstogetherwiththesubjectmakethefiveclauseelements.Theotherwaysofsentenceanalysisistodividethepredicateintotwoparts:
theoperatorandthepredication.Theoperatorisusuallytheauxiliaryorthefirstauxiliaryinacomplexverbphrase,whilethepredicationcomprisesthemainverbwithitscomplementation(object,complementoradverbial).1.2basicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansionIntermsofthedifferentcombinationsofclauseelements,Englishclausescanbeclaifiedintosevenbasictypes.Innumerableauthenticsentencesarestructuredonthebasisoftheseclausetypes.1)BasicclausetypesThesevenbasicclausetypesareSVC,SV,SVA,SVO,SVOA,SVOC,andSVoO.Thesesevencombinationsofclauseelementsarewhollyorlargelydeterminedbythemainverbintheclause.ThemainverbinanSVCpatternisalinkingorcopulaverbwhichmustbefollowedbyasubjectcomplement.ThemainverbinanSVpatternisanintransitiveverbwhichisnottobefollowedbyanyobligatoryelementexceptforalimitednumberofintransitiveverbswhichrequireanobligatoryadverbial,thusconstitutingthepatternSVA.ThemainverbinanSVOpatternusamonotranstitivewhichmustbefollowedbyanobject,andwithsomemonotransitivestheobjectmustagainbefollowedbyanobligatoryadverbial,thusconstitutingthepatternSVOA.ThemainverbinanSVOCpatternisacomplextransitiveverbwhichmustbefollowedbyanobject+objectcomplement.ThemainverbinanSVoOpatternisaditransitiveverbwhichistoefollowedbytwoobjects:
indirectanddirectobject.2)TransformationandexpansionofbasicclausetypesThebasicclausetypesareallaffirmativestatementswithverbsintheactivevoice.Anaffirmativeclausecanbetransformedintoanegative;sstatementintoaquestion;andanactiveclauseintoapaive.Alltheseaddvarietiestothebasicclausetypes.Thebasicclausetypesandtheirvariantscanalsobeexpandedintolargergrammaticalunitsthroughaddingmodifiersatvariouslevels,andtheselargerunitscanagainbeexpandedthroughcoordinationandsubordinationintocompound,complexandcompound-complexsentences.
Lectures2
2.
Problemsofsubject-verbconcord.
教学基本内容
1.
Theconceptsofthreeprinciplesguidingsubject-verbconcord:
grammaticalconcord,notionalconcordandproximityconcord.
2.
Problemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubject:
concordwith―and‖or―both…and‖,concordwith―or‖/―either…or‖,―nor‖/―neither…nor‖,―notonly…butalso‖;
3.
Problemsofconcordwithexpreionsofqualityassubject:
concordwithexpreionofdefinitequalityassubject,concordwithexpreionofindefinitequalityassubject;
4.
Otherproblemsofsubject-verbconcord:
problemsofconcordwithanominalclauseassubject,subject-verbconcordwithanon-finiteclauseorsubject,subject-verbconcordinrelativeclauses,cleft-sentences,andexistentialsentences.
Lecture2Subject-verbConcord(I)2.1Guidingprinciples
1)Grammaticalconcord
2)Notionalconcord
3)Proximity2.2Problemsofconcordwithnounsendingin-sDiseaseandgamenamesendingin–s
Theyaremostlytreatedassingulars.
Afewsuchnamescanbeusedeitherassingularorasplural.Subjectnamesendingin–ics
Suchnamesaregenerallysingularnouns,butsomesuchnounsaretreatedaspluralwhenusedinothersensesthansubjectnames.Geographicalnamesendingin–s
Pluralexceptforafewtreatedassingularwhenusedascountrynames.4)
Othernounsendingin–sDiseaseandgamenamesendingin–s
Theyaremostlytreatedassingulars.
Afewsuchnamescanbeusedeitherassingularorasplural.
Measles,mumps,rickets,shingles,diabetes,arthritis,phlebitis,AIDS,etc.
Subjectnamesendingin–ics
Suchnamesaregenerallysingularnouns,butsomesuchnounsaretreatedaspluralwhenusedinothersensesthansubjectnames.
Acoustics,claics,electronics,informatics,linguistics,mechanics,optics,plastics,thermodynamics,etc.
Geographicalnamesendingin–s
Pluralexceptforafewtreatedassingularwhenusedascountrynames.
Othernounsendingin–s
Calipers,compaes,flares,forceps,glaes,jeans,pants,pincers,pliers,scales,sciors,shades,shorts,suspenders,spectacles,etc.
2.3problemsofconcordwithcollectivenounsassubject1)Collectivenounsusuallyusedasplural
People,police,cattle,militia,poultry,vermin,etc.2)Collectivenounsusuallyusedassingular
Foliage,cutlery,poetry,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,etc.3)Collectivenounsusedeitheraspluralorassingular
Couple,crew,government,majority,opposition,etc4)Acommittee,etc+pluralnoun
Acommittee/board/panelof
Lecture3
Subject-verbConcord(II)TeachingContents3.1Problemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubject3.2Problemsofconcordwithexpreionsofquantityassubject3.3Otherproblemsofsubject-verbconcord
3.1ProblemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubjectCoordinationby“and”or“both…and”
Itisusuallytreatedaspluralwhenitreferstotwoormorethantwopersons/things,butitissingularwhenreferringtoonepersonorthing.e.g.Baseballandswimmingareusuallysummersports.Yourfriendandadviserhasagreedtolendmehismoney.After“each…andeach…”or“every…andevery…”,theverbisalsointhesingularform:
e.g.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.Everyflowerandeverybushistobecutdown.
Theindefinitepronounsanybody/anyone,everybody/everyone,nobody/noone,andsomebody/someonecombinewithsingularverbforms,eventhoughco-referentpronounsanddeterminersmaybepluralforms.e.g.[Everybody]‘sdoingwhattheythinkthey‘resupposedtodo.Nobodyhastheirfridgesrepairedanymore,theycan‘taffordit.
each/every…he/she/they
e.g.Atthemomenteachofthegirlswastoobusythinkingaboutherownpersonalsafetytocaremuchabouttheluggage.But―each/every+singularn.…they/their‖isrightaswell.e.g.Eachofthestudentsshouldhavehis/theirownbooks.
Everymemberbringstheirownlunch.InsuchexamsasTOEFL,thepronounreferringto
―nobody/everybody/everyone/someone/somebody/anybody/anyone/noone‖canonlybehe/hisinsteadofthey/their.However,asEnglishlearnersitmustbeknownthat―everyone…they‖isusedmoreoftenthan―everyone…he‖.e.g.Everyonewarnedyou,didn‘tthey?
Hasanybodybroughttheircamera?
Noonecouldhaveblamedthemselvesforthat.
Everyone/each/eachone/*everyoneofthestudentsshouldhavetheir/hisownbooks.
2)Coordinationby“or”/“either…or”,“neither…nor”,“notonly...butalso”Heretheproblemisdealtwithaccordingtotheprincipleofproximity.e.g.Mysistersormybrotherislikelytobeathome.
Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.
Informallywecanhavethefollowinguse:
e.g.Neitherhenorhiswifehavearrived.
Informalcases,especiallyinexams,―neither‖isusedwithsingularverb.e.g.Neitherofthemisbright.Whenusedwithpluralnounsininformalcases,―neither‖canalsobeusedwithpluralverb.e.g.Neitherofthebooksare/isveryinteresting.
---Ican‘tswim.
----NeithercanI.
---Hedidn‘tliketheplay.---Nordidwe.Neitherisusuallyinformalcases,butnorisoftenusedinspokenEnglish.
3)Subject+aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolethan;with,alongwith,togetherwith,inadditionto,except+Verb(determinedbytheformofthesubjecte.g.Someoftheworkers,aswellasthemanager,wereworkingduringtheholidays.Nooneexcept