新标准大学英语综合教程2原文Word文档下载推荐.docx

新标准大学英语综合教程2原文Word文档下载推荐.docx

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treallythere,"

sothesayinggoes.Itmaybetrueforthosewhospenttheircollegeyearsinahazeofmarijuanasmoke.Butthereisonethingeveryoneremembersaboutthe1960s:

Goingtocollegewasthemostexcitingandstimulatingexperienceofyourlife.

2 

Inthe1960s,California'

scollegesanduniversitieshadtransformedthestateintotheworld'

sseventhlargesteconomy.However,Berkeley,theUniversityofCalifornia'

smaincampus,wasalsowell-knownforitsstudentdemonstrationsandstrikes,anditsatmosphereofpoliticalradicalism.WhenRonaldReaganranforofficeasgovernorofCaliforniain1966,heaskedifCalifornianswouldallow"

agreatuniversitytobebroughttoitskneesbyanoisy,dissidentminority"

.Theliberalsrepliedthatitwastheabilitytotoleratenoisy,dissidentminoritieswhichmadeuniversitiesgreat.

3 

OnuniversitycampusesinEurope,masssocialistorcommunistmovementsgaverisetoincreasinglyviolentclashesbetweentheestablishmentandthecollegestudents,withtheirnewandpassionatecommitmenttofreedomandjustice.MuchoftheprotestwasabouttheVietnamWar.ButinFrance,thestudentsoftheSorbonneinParismanagedtoformanalliancewiththetradeunionsandtolaunchageneralstrike,whichultimatelybroughtabouttheresignationofPresidentdeGaulle.

4 

Itwasn'

tjusttheactivismthatcharacterizedstudentlifeinthe1960s.Everywhere,goingtocollegemeantyourfirsttasteofrealfreedom,oflatenightsinthedormorintheJuniorCommonRoom,discussingthemeaningoflife.Youusedtohavetogotocollegetoreadyourfirstforbiddenbook,seeyourfirstindiefilm,orfindsomeonewhosharedyourpassionforJimiHendrixorLennyBruce.Itwasamomentofunimaginablefreedom,themostliberatinginyourlife.

5 

Butwhere'

sthepassiontoday?

What'

sthematterwithcollege?

Thesedayspolitical,socialandcreativeawakeningseemstohappennotbecauseofcollege,butinspiteofit.Ofcourse,it'

struethathighereducationisstillimportant.Forexample,intheUK,PrimeMinisterBlairwasclosetoachievinghisaimofgetting50percentofallunderthirtiesintocollegeby2010（eventhoughacynicwouldsaythatthiswastokeepthemofftheunemploymentstatistics）.Yetcollegeeducationisnolongeratopicofgreatnationalimportance.Today,collegeisseenasakindofsmalltownfromwhichpeoplearekeentoescape.Somepeopledropout,butthemostapatheticstaythecoursebecauseit'

stoomuchefforttoleave.

6 

Insteadoftheheadyatmosphereoffreedomwhichstudentsinthe1960sdiscovered,studentstodayaremuchmoreserious.TheBritishCouncilhasrecentlydoneresearchintothefactorswhichhelpinternationalstudentsdecidewheretostudy.Indescendingordertheseare:

qualityofcourses,employabilityprospects,affordability,personalsecurityissues,lifestyle,andaccessibility.Collegehasbecomeameanstoanend,anopportunitytoincreaseone'

schancesontheemploymentmarket,andnotanendinitself,whichgivesyouthechancetoimagine,justforashortwhile,thatyoucanchangetheworld.

7 

Thegapbetweenchildhoodandcollegehasshrunk,andsohasthegapbetweencollegeandtherealworld.Oneofthereasonsmaybefinancial.Inanuncertainworld,manychildrenrelyontheirparents'

supportmuchlongerthantheyusedto.Studentsleavinguniversityinthe21stcenturysimplycannotaffordtosetuptheirownhomebecauseit'

stooexpensive.Anotherpossiblereasonisthecommunicationsrevolution.Gonearethedayswhenasonordaughterranghomeonceortwiceaterm.Todaystudentsareumbilicallylinkedtotheirparentsbytheircellphones.Andasforfindinglike-mindedfriendstoshareapassionforobscureliteratureormusic,well,wehavetheInternetandchatroomstohelpusdothat.

8 

Blisswasitinthatdawntobealive,

9 

Buttobeyoungwasveryheaven!

10WordsworthmayhavewrittentheselinesabouttheFrenchRevolution,buttheywerealsotrueforthestudentsofthe1960s.Sowhyaren'

ttheytrueforthestudentsoftoday?

UNIT2

Howempathyunfolds

ThemomentHope,justninemonthsold,sawanotherbabyfall,tearswelledupinherowneyesandshecrawledofftobecomfortedbyhermother,asthoughitwereshewhohadbeenhurt.And15-month-oldMichaelwenttogethisownteddybearforhiscryingfriendPaul;

whenPaulkeptcrying,MichaelretrievedPaul'

ssecurityblanketforhim.Boththesesmallactsofsympathyandcaringwereobservedbymotherstrainedtorecordsuchincidentsofempathyinaction.Theresultsofthestudysuggestthattherootsofempathycanbetracedtoinfancy.Virtuallyfromthedaytheyareborninfantsareupsetwhentheyhearanotherinfantcrying—aresponsesomeseeastheearliestprecursorofempathy.

Developmentalpsychologistshavefoundthatinfantsfeelsympatheticdistressevenbeforetheyfullyrealizethattheyexistapartfromotherpeople.Evenafewmonthsafterbirth,infantsreacttoadisturbanceinthosearoundthemasthoughitweretheirown,cryingwhentheyseeanotherchild'

stears.Byoneyearorso,theystarttorealizethemiseryisnottheirownbutsomeoneelse'

s,thoughtheystillseemconfusedoverwhattodoaboutit.InresearchbyMartinL.HoffmanatNewYorkUniversity,forexample,aone-year-oldbroughthisownmotherovertocomfortacryingfriend,ignoringthefriend'

smother,whowasalsointheroom.Thisconfusionisseentoowhenone-year-oldsimitatethedistressofsomeoneelse,possiblytobettercomprehendwhattheyarefeeling;

forexample,ifanotherbabyhurtsherfingers,aone-year-oldmightputherownfingersinhermouthtoseeifshehurts,too.Onseeinghismothercry,onebabywipedhisowneyes,thoughtheyhadnotears.

Suchmotormimicry,asitiscalled,istheoriginaltechnicalsenseofthewordempathyasitwasfirstusedinthe1920sbyE.B.Titchener,anAmericanpsychologist.Titchener'

stheorywasthatempathystemmedfromasortofphysicalimitationofthedistressofanother,whichthenevokesthesamefeelingsinoneself.Hesoughtawordthatwouldbedistinctfromsympathy,whichcanbefeltforthegeneralplightofanotherwithnosharingwhateverofwhatthatotherpersonisfeeling.

Motormimicryfadesfromtoddlers'

repertoireataroundtwoandahalfyears,atwhichpointtheyrealizethatsomeoneelse'

spainisdifferentfromtheirown,andarebetterabletocomfortthem.Atypicalincident,fromamother'

sdiary:

Aneighbor'

sbabycriesandJennyapproachesandtriestogivehimsomecookies.Shefollowshimaroundandbeginstowhimpertoherself.Shethentriestostrokehishair,buthepullsaway.Hecalmsdown,butJennystilllooksworried.Shecontinuestobringhimtoysandtopathisheadandshoulders.

Atthispointintheirdevelopmenttoddlersbegintodivergefromoneanotherintheiroverallsensitivitytootherpeople'

semotionalupsets,withsome,likeJenny,keenlyawareandotherstuningout.AseriesofstudiesbyMarianRadke-YarrowandCarolynZahn-WaxlerattheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthshowedthatalargepartofthisdifferenceinempathicconcernhadtodowithhowparentsdisciplinedtheirchildren.Children,theyfound,weremoreempathicwhenthedisciplineincludedcallingstrongattentiontothedistresstheirmisbehaviorcausedsomeoneelse:

"

Lookhowsadyou'

vemadeherfeel"

insteadof"

Thatwasnaughty"

.Theyfoundtoothatchildren'

sempathyisalsoshapedbyseeinghowothersreactwhensomeoneelseisdistressed;

byimitatingwhattheysee,childrendeveloparepertoireofempathicresponse,especiallyinhelpingotherpeoplewhoaredistressed.

UNIT3

Stolenidentity

Frankneverwenttopilotschool,medicalschool,lawschool,...becausehe'

sstillinhighschool."

Thatwasthestraplineofthe2002filmCatchMeIfYouCan,whichtellsthestoryofFrankAbagnale,Jr.（LeonardoDiCaprio）,abrilliantyoungmasterofdeceptionwhoatdifferenttimesimpersonatedadoctor,alawyer,andanairplanepilot,forgingchecksworthmorethansixmilliondollarsin26countries.HebecametheyoungestmantoevermaketheFBI'

smost-wantedlistforforgery.HuntedandcaughtinthefilmbyfictionalFBIagentCarlHanratty（TomHanks）,Abagnalelaterescaped.HeeventuallybecameaconsultantfortheFBIwherehefocusedonwhite-collarcrime.

It'

sagreatfilm,butcouldithappeninreallife?

Infact,CatchMeIfYouCanisbasedonthetruestoryofFrankAbagnale,whosecareerasafraudsterlastedaboutsixyearsbeforehewascaught,whoescapedfromcustodythreetimes（oncethroughanairplanetoilet）,andwhospentatotalofsixyearsinprisoninFrance,SwedenandtheUS.Henowrunsaconsultancyadvisingtheworldofbusinesshowtoavoidfraud.Hehasraisedenoughmoneytopaybackallhisvictims,andisnowamulti-millionaire.

Since2003,identitythefthasbecomeincreasinglycommon.Fewpeoplecouldimaginehowimportantthingsliketakingmailtothepostofficeandnotleavingitinthemailboxforpickup,shreddingdocumentsinsteadofthrowingthemoutwiththetrash,evenusingapencostingacoupleofbucks,havebecometoavoidlife-changingcrimes.

Moreandmorepeoplearebecominganonymousvictimsofidentitytheft.Wespendmanyhoursanddollarstryingtorecoverourname,ourcredit,ourmoneyandourlives.Weneedtolookfordifferentwaystoprotectourselves.Wecanimproveourchancesofavoidingthiscrime,butitwillnevergoaway.

snotjustalistofdo'

sanddon'

t