新标准大学英语综合教程2原文Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、t really there, so the saying goes. It may be true for those who spent their college years in a haze of marijuana smoke. But there is one thing everyone remembers about the 1960s: Going to college was the most exciting and stimulating experience of your life. 2In the 1960s, Californias colleges and

2、universities had transformed the state into the worlds seventh largest economy. However, Berkeley, the University of Californias main campus, was also well-known for its student demonstrations and strikes, and its atmosphere of political radicalism. When Ronald Reagan ran for office as governor of C

3、alifornia in 1966, he asked if Californians would allow a great university to be brought to its knees by a noisy, dissident minority. The liberals replied that it was the ability to tolerate noisy, dissident minorities which made universities great. 3On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist

4、or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. Much of the protest was about the Vietnam War. But in France, the students of the Sorbonne in Paris managed to form an

5、 alliance with the trade unions and to launch a general strike, which ultimately brought about the resignation of President de Gaulle. 4It wasnt just the activism that characterized student life in the 1960s. Everywhere, going to college meant your first taste of real freedom, of late nights in the

6、dorm or in the Junior Common Room, discussing the meaning of life. You used to have to go to college to read your first forbidden book, see your first indie film, or find someone who shared your passion for Jimi Hendrix or Lenny Bruce. It was a moment of unimaginable freedom, the most liberating in

7、your life. 5But wheres the passion today? Whats the matter with college? These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, its true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was clos

8、e to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 （even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics）. Yet college education is no longer a topic of great national importance. Today, college is seen as a kind of small town

9、 from which people are keen to escape. Some people drop out, but the most apathetic stay the course because its too much effort to leave. 6Instead of the heady atmosphere of freedom which students in the 1960s discovered, students today are much more serious. The British Council has recently done re

10、search into the factors which help international students decide where to study. In descending order these are: quality of courses, employability prospects, affordability, personal security issues, lifestyle, and accessibility. College has become a means to an end, an opportunity to increase ones ch

11、ances on the employment market, and not an end in itself, which gives you the chance to imagine, just for a short while, that you can change the world. 7The gap between childhood and college has shrunk, and so has the gap between college and the real world. One of the reasons may be financial. In an

12、 uncertain world, many children rely on their parents support much longer than they used to. Students leaving university in the 21st century simply cannot afford to set up their own home because its too expensive. Another possible reason is the communications revolution. Gone are the days when a son

13、 or daughter rang home once or twice a term. Today students are umbilically linked to their parents by their cell phones. And as for finding like-minded friends to share a passion for obscure literature or music, well, we have the Internet and chat rooms to help us do that. 8Bliss was it in that daw

14、n to be alive, 9But to be young was very heaven! 10Wordsworth may have written these lines about the French Revolution, but they were also true for the students of the 1960s. So why arent they true for the students of today?UNIT2How empathy unfoldsThe moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another b

15、aby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Pauls security blanket for him. Both thes

16、e small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant cryinga respon

17、se some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were

18、 their own, crying when they see another childs tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone elses, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a one-year-old brought his ow

19、n mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friends mother, who was also in the room. This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old mig

20、ht put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears. Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American ps

21、ychologist. Titcheners theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of

22、what that other person is feeling. Motor mimicry fades from toddlers repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone elses pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them. A typical incident, from a mothers diary:A neighbors baby cries and Je

23、nny approaches and tries to give him some cookies. She follows him around and begins to whimper to herself. She then tries to stroke his hair, but he pulls away. He calms down, but Jenny still looks worried. She continues to bring him toys and to pat his head and shoulders. At this point in their de

24、velopment toddlers begin to diverge from one another in their overall sensitivity to other peoples emotional upsets, with some, like Jenny, keenly aware and others tuning out. A series of studies by Marian Radke-Yarrow and Carolyn Zahn-Waxler at the National Institute of Mental Health showed that a

25、large part of this difference in empathic concern had to do with how parents disciplined their children. Children, they found, were more empathic when the discipline included calling strong attention to the distress their misbehavior caused someone else: Look how sad youve made her feel instead of T

26、hat was naughty. They found too that childrens empathy is also shaped by seeing how others react when someone else is distressed; by imitating what they see, children develop a repertoire of empathic response, especially in helping other people who are distressed. UNIT3Stolen identityFrank never wen

27、t to pilot school, medical school, law school, . because hes still in high school.That was the strapline of the 2002 film Catch Me If You Can, which tells the story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. （Leonardo DiCaprio）, a brilliant young master of deception who at different times impersonated a doctor, a lawye

28、r, and an airplane pilot, forging checks worth more than six million dollars in 26 countries. He became the youngest man to ever make the FBIs most-wanted list for forgery. Hunted and caught in the film by fictional FBI agent Carl Hanratty （Tom Hanks）, Abagnale later escaped. He eventually became a

29、consultant for the FBI where he focused on white-collar crime. Its a great film, but could it happen in real life? In fact, Catch Me If You Can is based on the true story of Frank Abagnale, whose career as a fraudster lasted about six years before he was caught, who escaped from custody three times

30、（once through an airplane toilet）, and who spent a total of six years in prison in France, Sweden and the US. He now runs a consultancy advising the world of business how to avoid fraud. He has raised enough money to pay back all his victims, and is now a multi-millionaire. Since 2003, identity thef

31、t has become increasingly common. Few people could imagine how important things like taking mail to the post office and not leaving it in the mailbox for pickup, shredding documents instead of throwing them out with the trash, even using a pen costing a couple of bucks, have become to avoid life-cha

32、nging crimes. More and more people are becoming anonymous victims of identity theft. We spend many hours and dollars trying to recover our name, our credit, our money and our lives. We need to look for different ways to protect ourselves. We can improve our chances of avoiding this crime, but it will never go away. s not just a list of dos and dont