公开阅读高考英语福建卷资阅读部分资考核目标Word文件下载.docx
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从以上两点可以看出,现在的阅读题远非停留在理解词句和看懂内容上。
为了增加阅读理解题的区分度,考查学生的综合理解能力,拉开差距,近年高考阅读题中概括主旨题和推断题明显增加。
若要获得高分,关键在于能否正确回答此类能力题(在此,我们统称为主旨大意题。
)
#本讲座分为以下部分:
Ⅰ常见提问方式
Ⅱ.主要答题步骤
Ⅲ.分析典型例文,掌握答题技巧
1.读首句抓大意。
2.读尾句抓大意。
3.读首尾段抓大意。
4.从段落中抓大意。
5.归纳要点抓大意。
6、文章标题的选择或拟定
Ⅳ..总结主旨大意题选择题答题技巧
Ⅰ.常见提问方式:
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
常见的设题方式有:
1标题类常见的标题型题干:
1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_____________.
2)Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled______________.
3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?
2大意类常见的主题型题干:
5)Thispassagechieflydealswith____________.
6)What’sthetopicofthearticle?
7)Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?
8)Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?
3目的主旨大意题
Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageis______.
Thepassageismeantto_____
Thepurposeofthisarticleis_______
Ⅱ.主要答题步骤:
1.先看问题,是否有和主旨大意题有关的题目,了解题目类别和提问方式。
2.再看文章首尾,或各段的开头,找出主题句,或通过浏览全文,抓住关键字眼,把握文章主旨。
3.以掌握文章主旨为前提,处理推断作者语气或意图等其它深层理解的问题。
Ⅲ.分析典型例文,掌握答题技巧:
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后的句子则是论证性细节。
在说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。
因此,要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需研究文章的首句。
Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Thethingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.
Question:
Whatisthetopicofthetext?
A.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C.ReasonsforStealing.D.ANormalChild'
sActions.
该题的答案,就是由文章第一句话而得,答案为B。
主题句也会出现在段尾。
作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。
本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。
OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskater.Herolledonandon.Suddenlyheranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlin'
sgrandentranceforalongtime!
Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeintheparagraph?
A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.
B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool!
C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.
D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.
这段文字从Merlin入场的细节开始叙述,到最后一句做了总结:
“大家很长一段时间都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。
”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。
答案为C。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。
这种结构是为突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。
这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同,而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
Aspricesandbuildingcostskeeprising,the”do-it-yourself”(DIY)trend(趋势)intheU.S.continuestogrow.
"
Weneededfurnitureforourlivingroom,”saysJohnRoss,"
andwejustdidn'
thaveenoughmoneytobuyit.Sowedecidedtotrymakingafewtablesandchairs.”Johngotmarriedsixmonthsago,andlikemanyyoungpeoplethesedays,theyarestrugglingtomakeahomeatatimewhenthecostoflivingisveryhigh.TheRosestooka2-weekcoursefor$280atanightschool.Nowtheybuildalltheirfurnitureandmakerepairsaroundthehouse.
JimHatfieldhasthreeboysandhiswifedied.Hshasafull-timejobathomeaswellasinashoemakingfactory.Lastmonth,hereceivedacarrepairbillfor$420."
Iwasdeeplyupsetaboutit.NowI'
vefinishedacarrepaircourse,Ishouldbeabletofixthecarbymyself."
JohnandJimarenotunusualpeople.Mostfamiliesinthecountryaredoingeverythingtheycantosavemoneysotheycanfightthehighcostlyliving.Ifyouwanttobecomea“do-it-yourself”,youcangotoDIYclasses.Andforthosewhodon'
thavetimetotakeacourse,therearebooksthattellyouhowyoucandothingsyourself.
Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.TheJoyofDIY.B.YouCanDoItToo!
C.WelcometoOurDIYCourse!
D.RossandHatfield:
BelieversinDIY.
读文章第一段和最后一段会发现答案是B。
有些文章或段落的主题句居中,这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.AmongthesepeoplewasamannamedAlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandtofillhistimeheplannedagamewhichhecalled“Lexico”.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththegame,sohemadeanumberofchangestoitandchangeditsnamefrom“Lexico”to“Alph”andthento“CrissCross”.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidn'
thaveanyrealcommercial(商业性的)success.
Thetextismainlyabout____.
A.Lexico
B.threemenC.awordgameD.AlfredButts
根据这一段落中间部分的叙述,我们能推断出答案是C。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题。
这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。
例1)InShanxiProvinceyoumaybeofferedbrainstoeat.Frightened?
Youshouldn'
tbe,becausethesebrainsareonlyakindoffood,whichisfamousforitsunusualnameandrichnutrition(营养).
Brainsasakindoffoodwereinventedmorethan300yearsagobyFuShan,anartistwhosemotherhadbeenillforalongtime.Tohelpherbecomewellagain,hestudiedmedicineandinventedakindofsoup(汤)madeofmeat,vegetablesandanumberofChinesemedicines.Ricewinewasalsousedinthesouptohelpillnesscausedbyoldage.Fu'
ssoupbecamethetalkofthetown.Manypeoplecametoseehim.Onedayarestaurantowneraskedhimwhatwasinthesoup.“I'
lltellyou,”Fusaid,“butifyourrestaurantisgoingtosellthesoup,youmustcallitbrainsbecauseofitsshapeandcolor.Andyourrestaurantshouldberenamedaftermymother.”
Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis____.
A.AGoodSon
B.ASpecialSoupC.HowtoMakeBrainsD.HowtoLiveaLongLife
要解答此题,必须通读全文。
读完全文,并结合各段大意,本文主旨凸现出来,答案应是B。
例2)OnDecember1,1955,Mrs.RosaParksboardedabusindowntownMontgomery,Alabama,paidherfareandtookaseatinthefrontoftheNegrosectionatthebackend.Itfeltgoodtositdownafteralongday’swork.Atthenextstop,however,thedrivertoldtheNegroestomovebacktomakeroomfornewwhitepassengers.
Allbutoneoftheblacksgaveuptheirplacesobediently.RoseParkshesitated.Thebuswasnowfull:
ifshegotup,shewouldhavetostandallthewayhome.Awhitemanwaitingforherseatglaredimpatiently.
Atthatmoment,somethinginRosaParkssnapped.Maybehersoulhadhadenoughofhumiliation;
maybeitwasjustthatherfeettired.Anyway,the42-year-oldseamstressrefusedtogiveupherseat.
Blackandwhitepassengersalikestaredatthetroublemaker.Thebusdrierhailedapoliceman.Mrs.Parkswasarrested.
Montgomery’s17,000Negroeswereenraged.Somewantedviolence—“Burnthebuses,tipthemover.”Otherskepttheircool.Withthehelpofa27Year-oldpreacherwhohadbeeninspiredbythenon-violentwaysofMahatmaGandhi,theyorganizedaboycottofthebusline.
Theboycottlasted380days,andcostthebuslinemillionsofdollars.Finally,theU.S.SupremeCourtaffirmedthatsegregationonthebuseswasunconstitutional.RosaParkscouldnowsitanywhereonabus.Althoughmostofushaveforgottenher,therevolutionshestartedchangedAmerica.
Fortheunknownpreacher,however,therewasnowaybacktoobscurity.MartinLutherKing,Jr.,hadadream.Andtheworld—atleastinpartbecauseoRosaParks—wasfinallyreadytohonorthatdream,andtolisten.
…Actsofhonor,allofthem…Actsofsacrifice,integrity,love.Andnooneislaughing.PerhapswehavenotlostoursacredHonorafterall.
(C)1.Theauthor’schiefintentionintellingthestoryis.(概括主旨或推断意图题)易误选A
A.toexposeracialdiscriminationinthe1950s
B.toapplaudthenon-violentboycottledbyMartinLutherKing,Jr.
C.tosingthepraiseofRosaParks`braveryandfirmness
D.alloftheabove
(B)2.WhichwordbestdescribesthecharacterofRosa?
(概括人物特征)易误选A
A.stubbornB.courageousC.timidD.arrogant
分析:
Q1:
由于本文为记叙文,无明显主题句,该文体的中心常贯穿于全文.对于这类文章,我们可以通过抓住动词来概括主要情节,从而归纳中心思想。
本文线索:
board----sit----betoldtomove----hesitate----refuse----bearrested---beenraged----boycott----desegregate---changeAmerica.Rosa上了公交车坐在黑人车厢,司机要求她将座位让给后来上车的白人。
她犹豫了,但最终她拒绝让座,Rosa因此而被捕。
黑人门被激愤了,组织了“抵制公交车”事件。
最终美国最高法院废除了公交车上实行的种族隔离制度。
Rosa的这一行为改变了美国。
许多同学选(A),理由是文中叙述Rosa由于拒绝给白人让座而被捕是种族歧视现象,初看(A)没错.但这只是本文其中一个情节,是后文“抵制公交车”事件的导火线,并非中心思想.从以上分析的文章线索可确定本文主旨应为:
Rosa坚强勇敢的行为迫使美国废除公交车种族隔离。
作者的意图是赞扬Rosa的坚强无畏.应选(C)。
Q2:
通过对文章主旨的把握,首先排除(C)和(D).但同学有可能会选(A),因为“stubborn”与第一题答案中“firm”相近.但“stubborn”是贬义词,意为”固执,倔强”.本文旨在赞扬Rosa的坚强勇敢,显然该词不恰当.(B)courageous(勇敢的=brave)才是最佳答案.
例3)NMET1999全国卷A篇51题
TomBrennanwasworkinginaPhiladelphiaofficebuildingwhenhenoticedablackbag.Thebagcontainedabook.
Thischancediscoveryendeda12-daysearchbytheLibraryCompanyofPhiladelphiaforahistoricaltreasure--a120-pagediarykept190yearsagebyDeborahLogan,"
awomanwhokneweverybodyinherday,“JamesGreen,thelibrariantoldthemagazineAmericanLibraries.
MostofthediaryisarecordofbigeventsinPhiladelphia;
italsoincludesadescriptionofBritishsoldiersburningWashington.D.Cinthewarof1812.ShedescribesPresidentJamesMadisononhorsebackas"
perfectlyshakingwithfear"
duringthetroubleddays.GeorgeWashington,shewrites,mistookherforthewifeofaFrenchman,andpraisedherexcellentEnglish.
TheadventureofthelostbookbeganSeptember4whenCoryLuxmoorearrived