机器人外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译Word格式.docx

机器人外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译Word格式.docx

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robot"

and"

Robota"

meansslave.Theplayforetellsthetragicinfluenceofthedevelopmentofrobotonhumansociety,whichhasattractedpeople'

sattentionandisregardedastheoriginoftheword"

.Intheplay,robotsworksilentlyaccordingtothecommandoftheirowners,withoutfeelingandfeeling,andtheyareengagedinheavyworkinarigidway.Later,thecompanyachievedsuccess,whichmaderobotshavefeelings,whichledtotherapidincreaseofrobotapplicationdepartments.Robotsareindispensablemembersoffactoriesandhouseholdwork.Therobotfoundthathumanbeingswereselfishandunfair,andfinallyrebelled.Therobotwasextremelygoodinphysicalandintelligent,soiteliminatedhumanbeings.Butrobotsdon'

tknowhowtomakethemselves,thinktheywillsoondieout,sotheystartlookingforhumansurvivors,butthereisnoresult.Finally,acoupleofrobotswithbetterperceptionthanotherrobotsloveeachother.Atthistime,therobotevolvedintohumanbeings,andtheworldwasbacktolife.

Kepeckputsforwardtheproblemsofrobotsafety,perceptionandselfreproduction.Theprogressofscienceandtechnologyislikelytocauseproblemsthathumanbeingsdonotwant.Althoughthesciencefictionworldisonlyanimagination,humansocietymayfacethisreality.

Inordertopreventrobotsfromharminghumanbeings,sciencefictionwriterAsimovputforward"

threeprinciplesofrobots"

inhisbookIamarobotin1950.

①Arobotmustnotharmhumanbeings,norallowittostandidlybywhenitseesthathumanbeingswillbehurt;

②Therobotmustobeythehuman'

scommand,unlessthehuman'

scommandviolatesthefirstrule;

③Robotshavetoprotectthemselvesfromharm,unlessthatgoesagainstbothoftheabove.

Thesethreeprinciplesgivetherobotsocietynewethics.Uptonow,itwillstillprovidemeaningfulguidelinesforrobotresearchers,manufacturersandusers.

AtthefirstrobotconferenceheldinJapanin1967,tworepresentativedefinitionswereputforward.First,MoriZhenghongandHetianZhoupingputforwardthat"

robotisaflexiblemachinewithsevencharacteristicsofmobility,individuality,intelligence,versatility,semimechanicalandsemihumannature,automaticityandSlavism"

.Startingfromthisdefinition,Moriproposedtorepresenttheimageofarobotwith10characteristics,suchasautomaticity,intelligence,individuality,semimechanicalandsemihumannature,operability,universality,informability,flexibility,finitenessandmobility.AnotheroneisproposedbyIchiroKato,andamachinewiththefollowingthreeconditionscanbecalledarobot

①Anindividualwithbrain,handandfoot;

②Ithasnon-contactsensor（receivingremoteinformationwitheyesandears）andcontactsensor;

③Sensorswithbalanceandproprioception.

Thedefinitionemphasizesthattherobotshouldhavethecharacteristicsofhumanoid,thatis,itworksbyhand,movesbyfoot,andcompletesthetaskofunifiedcommandbybrain.Thenon-contactsensorandthecontactsensorareequivalenttohuman'

sfivesenseorgans,whichenabletherobottorecognizetheexternalenvironment.Thesenseofbalanceandinherentsenseareindispensablesensorsfortherobottoperceiveitsownstate.

Classification:

Asfortheclassificationofrobots,thereisnounifiedinternationalstandard,sotherearedifferentclassificationsfromdifferentperspectives.

Thedevelopmentstageofrobot

①Thefirstgenerationofrobot:

teachingreproductionrobot.In1947,inordertotransportandprocessnuclearfuel,OakRidgeNationalLaboratorydevelopedtheworld'

sfirstremote-controlledrobot.In1962,theUnitedStatessuccessfullydevelopedpumauniversalteachingandreproducingrobot.Thisrobotcontrolsamultidegreeoffreedommachinethroughacomputer,storesprogramsandinformationthroughteaching,readsouttheinformationwhenworking,andthensendsoutinstructions,sothattherobotcanreproducethisactionrepeatedlyaccordingtotheresultsofhumanteachingatthattime.Forexample,thespotweldingrobotofanautomobilealwaysrepeatsthiskindofworkafterteachingthespotweldingprocess.

②Secondgenerationrobot:

sensoryrobot.Theteachingandreproducingrobothasnoperceptionoftheexternalenvironment.Itdoesnotknowthesizeoftheoperatingforce,theexistenceoftheworkpiece,andwhethertheweldingisgoodorbad.Therefore,inthelate1970s,peoplebegantostudythesecondgenerationrobot,whichiscalledsensoryrobot.Thiskindofrobothasthefeelingsimilartohumaninsomefunctions,suchasforcesense,touch,slidingsenseandvisionItcanfeelandrecognizetheshape,sizeandcoloroftheworkpiecethroughfeeling.

③Thethirdgenerationrobot:

intelligentrobot.Robotsinventedsincethe1990s.Thiskindofrobothasmanykindsofsensors,whichcancarryoutcomplexlogicalreasoning,judgmentanddecision-making,anddecideitsownbehaviorindependentlyinthechanginginternalstateandexternalenvironment.

controlmode

①Operationalrobot:

automaticcontrol,reprogrammable,multi-functional,withseveraldegreesoffreedom,canbefixedormoving,usedinrelatedautomationsystems.

②Programcontrolledrobot:

controlthemechanicalactionoftherobotaccordingtotheorderandconditionrequiredinadvance.

③Teachingandreproducingrobot:

byguidingorotherways,therobotistaughttoactfirst,andtheworkingprocedureisinput,andtherobotwillautomaticallyrepeattheoperation.

④CNCrobot:

itisunnecessarytomaketherobotmove,teachtherobotbynumericalvalueandlanguage,andtherobotwillworkaccordingtotheinformationafterteaching.

⑤Sensorycontrolrobot:

theinformationobtainedbysensorsisusedtocontroltherobot'

saction.

⑥Adaptivecontrolrobot:

robotcanadapttothechangesofenvironmentandcontrolitsownactions.

⑦Learningcontrolrobot:

robotcan"

experience"

theworkexperience,hascertainlearningfunction,andusesthe"

learning"

experienceinthework.

⑧Intelligentrobot:

arobotthatdeterminesitsactionwithartificialintelligence.

applicationenvironment

Atpresent,therobotscholarsintheworlddividerobotsintotwotypesfromtheperspectiveofapplicationenvironment:

industrialrobotsinmanufacturingenvironmentandservicerobotsinnonmanufacturingenvironmentandhumanoidrobots.

Fromtheapplicationenvironment,robotexpertsinChinaalsodividerobotsintotwocategories,namelyindustrialrobotsandspecialrobots.Thisisconsistentwiththeinternationalclassification.Industrialrobotisamultijointmanipulatorormultidegreeoffreedomrobotfacingtheindustrialfield.Specialrobotsareallkindsofadvancedrobots,includingservicerobots,underwaterrobots,entertainmentrobots,militaryrobots,agriculturalrobots,etc.,whichareusedinnonmanufacturingindustryandservinghumanbeings.Inspecialrobots,somebrancheshavedevelopedrapidly,andhavethetrendofindependentsystem,suchasservicerobot,underwaterrobot,militaryrobot,microoperationrobot,etc.

Industrialrobotsaredividedintofourtypesaccordingtothemotionformofthearm.Thearmofrectangularcoordinatetypecanmovealongthreerectangularcoordinates;

thearmofcylindricalcoordinatetypecanbeusedforlifting,turningandstretching;

thearmofsphericalcoordinatetypecanrotate,pitchandstretch;

thearmofjointtypehasmultiplerotatingjoints.

Accordingtothecontrolfunctionoftheactuator,industrialrobotscanbedividedintopointpositiontypeandcontinuoustrajectorytype.Thepointpositiontypeonlycontrolstheaccuratepositioningoftheactuatorfromonepointtoanother,whichissuitableforloadingandunloadingofmachinetools,spotwelding,generalhandling,loadingandunloading,etc.;

thecontinuoustracktypecancontroltheactuatortomoveaccordingtothegiventrack,whichissuitableforcontinuousweldingandpainting,etc.

Industrialrobotscanbedividedintoprogramminginputtypeandteachinginputtypeaccordingtoprograminputmode.TheprogramminginputtypeistotransmittheprogrammedoperationprogramfilesonthecomputertotherobotcontrolcabinetthroughRS-232serialportorEthernet.Therearetwoteachingmethodsofteachinginputtype:

oneisthattheoperatorusesthemanualcontroller（teachingcontrolbox）totransmitthecommandsignaltothedrivesystem,sothattheactuatorcanperformaccordingtotherequiredactionsequenceandmotiontrack;

theotheristhattheoperatordirectlyleadstheactuatortoperformaccordingtotherequiredactionsequenceandmotiontrack.Intheprocessofteaching,theinformationoftheworkingprogramisautomaticallystoredintheprogrammemory.Whentherobotworksautomatically,thecontrolsystemdetectsthecorrespondinginformationfromtheprogrammemoryandtransmitsthecommandsignaltothedrivingmechanism,sothattheactuatorcanreproducevariousactionsofteaching.Theindustrialrobo