教师用 英语四级快速阅读模拟题文档格式.docx

教师用 英语四级快速阅读模拟题文档格式.docx

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ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN） 

iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Sleep

Sleepisoneofthosefunnythingsaboutbeingahumanbeing---youjusthavetodoit.Haveyoueverwonderedwhy?

Andwhataboutthecrazydreams,liketheonewhereabadpersonischasingyouandyoucan’trunoryell.Doesthatmakeanysense?

CharacteristicsofSleep

Whenweseesomeonesleeping,werecognizethefollowingcharacteristics:

Ifpossible,thepersonwillliedowntogotosleep.

Theperson’seyesareclosed.

Thepersondoesn’thearanythingunlessitisaloudnoise.

Thepersonbreathesinaslow,rhythmicpattern.

Theperson’smusclesarecompletelyrelaxed.Ifsittingup,thepersonmayfalloutofhisorherchairassleepdeepens.

Duringsleep,thepersonoccasionallyrollsoverorrearrangeshisorherbody.Thishappensapproximatelyonceortwiceanhour.Thismaybethebody’swayofmakingsurethatnopartofthebodyorskinhasitscirculationcutofffortoolongaperiodoftime.

Inadditiontotheseoutwardsigns,theheartslowsdownandthebraindoessomeprettyfunkythings.

Inotherwords,asleepingpersonisunconscioustomostthingshappeningintheenvironment.Thebiggestdifferencebetweensomeonewhoisasleepandsomeonewhohasfaintedorgoneintoacomaisthefactthatasleepingpersoncanbearousedifthestimuluspresentedby 

isstrongenough.Ifyoushaketheperson,yellloudlyorflashabrightlight,asleepingpersonwillwakeup.

WhoSleeps?

Reptiles（爬行动物）,birdsandmammalsallsleep.Thatis,theybecomeunconscioustotheirsurroundingsforperiodsoftime.Somefishandamphibians（两栖动物）reducetheirawarenessbutdonoteverbecomeunconsciouslikethehighervertebrates（脊椎动物）do.Insectsdonotappeartosleep,althoughtheymaybecomeinactiveindaylightordarkness.

Bystudyingbrainwaves,itisknownthatreptilesdonotdream.Birdsdreamalittle.Mammalsalldreamduringsleep.

Differentanimalssleepindifferentways.Someanimals,likehumans,prefertosleepinonelongsession.Otheranimalsliketosleepinmanyshortbursts.Somesleepatnight,whileotherssleepduringtheday.

SleepandtheBrain

Ifyouattachanelectroencephalographtoaperson’shead,youcanrecordtheperson’sbrainwaveactivity.Anawakeandrelaxedpersongeneratesalphawaves,whichareconsistentoscillationsatabout10cyclespersecond.Analertpersongeneratesbetawaves,whichareabouttwiceasfast.

Duringsleep,twoslowerpatternscalledthetawavesanddeltawavestakeover.Thetawaveshaveoscillationsintherangeof3.5to7cyclespersecond,anddeltawaveshaveoscillationsoflessthan3.5cyclespersecond.Asapersonfallsasleepandsleepdeepens,thebrainwavepatternsslowdown.Apersondeepindeltawavesleepishardesttowakeup.

REMSleep

Atseveralpointsduringthenight,somethingunexpectedhappens--rapideyemovement（REM）sleepoccurs.MostpeopleexperiencethreetofiveintervalsofREMsleeppernight,andbrainwavesduringthisperiodspeeduptoawakelevels.IfyoueverwatchapersonoradogexperiencingREMsleep,youwillseetheireyesflickeringbackandforthrapidly.Inmanydogsandsomepeople,arms,legsandfacialmuscleswilltwitchduringREMsleep.PeriodsofsleepotherthanREMsleepareknownasNREM（non-REM）sleep.

REMsleepiswhenyoudream.IfyouwakeupapersonduringREMsleep,thepersoncanvividlyrecalldreams.IfyouwakeupapersonduringNREMsleep,generallythepersonwillnotbedreaming.

YoumusthavebothREMandNREMsleeptogetagoodnight’ssleep.Anormalpersonwillspendabout25percentofthenightinREMsleep,andtherestinNREM.AREMsession 

adream--lastsfiveto30minutes.

WhenYouMissSomeZzzzs…

Onewaytounderstandwhywesleepistolookatwhathappenswhenwedon’tgetenough:

Asyouknowifyouhaveeverpulledanall-nighter,missingonenightofsleepisnotfatal.Apersonwillgenerallybeirritableduringthenextdayandwilleitherslowdown（becometiredeasily）orwillbetotallywiredbecauseofadrenalin（肾上腺素）.

Ifapersonmissestwonightsofsleep,itgetsworse.Concentrationisdifficult,andattentionspanfallsbythewayside.Mistakesincrease.

Afterthreedays,apersonwillstarttohallucinateandclearthinkingisimpossible.Withcontinuedwakefulnessapersoncanlosegraspofreality.Ratsforcedtostayawakecontinuouslywilleventuallydie,provingthatsleepisessential.

Apersonwhogetsjustafewhoursofsleeppernightcanexperiencemanyofthesameproblemsovertime.

Twootherthingsareknowntohappenduringsleep.Growthhormoneinchildrenissecretedduringsleep,andchemicalsimportanttotheimmunesystemaresecretedduringsleep.Youcanbecomemorepronetodiseaseifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep,andachild’sgrowthcanbestunted（阻碍）bysleepdeprivation.

WhySleep?

Noonereallyknowswhywesleep.But,thereareallkindsoftheories,includingthese:

Sleepgivesthebodyachancetorepairmusclesandothertissues,replaceagingordeadcells,etc.

Sleepgivesthebrainachancetoorganizeandarchivememories.Dreamsarethoughtbysometobepartofthisprocess.

Sleeplowersourenergyconsumption,soweneedthreemealsadayratherthanfourorfive.Sincewecan’tdoanythinginthedarkanyway,wemightaswell"

turnoff"

andsavetheenergy.

Whatweallknowisthat,withagoodnight’ssleep,everythinglooksandfeelsbetterinthemorning.Boththebrainandthebodyarerefreshedandreadyforanewday.

Dreams

Thebraincreatesdreamsthroughrandomelectricalactivity.Randomisthekeywordhere.Aboutevery90minutesthebrainstemsendselectricalimpulsesthroughoutthebrain,innoparticularorderorfashion.Theanalyticportionofthebrain--theforebrain----thendesperatelytriestomakesenseofthesesignals.ItislikelookingataRorschachtest,arandomsplashofinkonpaper.Theonlywayofcomprehendingitisbyviewingthedream（ortheinkblot）metaphorically,symbolically,sincethere’snoliteralmessage.

Thisdoesn’tmeanthatdreamsaremeaninglessorshouldbeignored.Howourforebrainschooseto"

analyze"

therandomanddiscontinuousimagesmaytellussomethingaboutourselves,justaswhatweseeinaninkblotcanberevelatory.Andperhapsthereisapurposetothecraziness:

Ourmindsmaybeworkingondeep-seatedproblemsthroughthesecircuitousandlessthreateningmetaphoricaldreams.

Herearesomeotherthingsyoumayhavenoticedaboutyourdreams:

Dreamstellastory.TheyarelikeaTVshow,withscenes,charactersandprops.

Dreamsareegocentric.Theyalmostalwaysinvolveyou.

Dreamsincorporatethingsthathavehappenedtoyourecently.Theycanalsoincorporate

deepwishesandfears.

Anoiseintheenvironmentisoftenworkedintoadreaminsomeway,givingsomecredibilitytotheideathatdreamsaresimplythebrain’sresponsetorandomimpulses.

Youusuallycannotcontroladream--infact,manydreamsemphasizeyourlackofcontrolbymakingitimpossibletorunoryell.

Dreamingisimportant.Insleepexperimentswhereapersoniswokenupeverytimehe/sheentersREMsleep,thepersonbecomesincreasinglyimpatientanduncomfortableovertime.

HowMuchSleepDoINeed?

Mostadultpeopleseemtoneedseventoninehoursofsleepanight.Thisisanaverage,anditisalsosubjective.You,forexample,probablyknowhowmuchsleepyouneedinanaveragenighttofeelyourbest.

Theamountofsleepyouneeddecreaseswithage.Anewbornbabymightsleep20hoursaday.Byagefour,theaverageis12hoursaday.Byage10,theaveragefallsto10hoursaday.Seniorcitizenscanoftengetbywithsixorsevenhoursaday.

1.Thispassagetellsuswhypeoplehavetosleepandwhatcausesdreams.

2.Duringsleep,thepersonisconscioustomostthingshappeningintheenvironment.

3.Neitherreptilesnorbirdsdreamduringsleep.

4.AnormalpersonspendsthemainpartofthenightinNREMsleep.

5.Ifyoumissonenightofsleep,youwillloseyourappetitetosomeextent.

6.Nobodyreallyknowsthereasonwhywesleep.

7.Generallyspeaking,youneedlessamountofsleepasyougrowolder.

8.Theslower________________ 

thedeeperthesleep.

9.REMinthispassagestandsfor________________________.

10.Thebrainstemsendselectricalimpulsesthroughoutthebrainaboutevery________________.

【答案与解析】

1．Y 

通过浏览全文，我们可以对文章内容有个整体的把握。

本题是说文中提到了人们需要睡眠以及导致做梦的原因。

纵览各个小标题，可以看到有这么两个：

（为何睡眠）和Dreams（梦），通过阅读段首句Noonereallyknowswhywesleep和Thebraincreatesdreamsthroughrandomelectricalactivity我们就可以了解到两段的主要内容，由此可判断本题属于文章提到的内容。

2．N 

本句讲的是正在做梦的人对于周围发生的大多数事情都是有意识的（conscious）。

在小标题CharacteristicsofSleep的下面，我们可以看到这么一句话：

Inotherwords，asleepingpersonisunconscioustomostthingshappeningintheenvironment。

unconscious与题干中的conscious正好相反，由此可知本句不符原文。

3．N 

本题讲的是爬行动物和鸟类在睡眠中都不做梦，显然涉及的是做梦的主体。

首先我们查找含有reptilesandbirds的部分，在WhoSleeps?

小标题下面可以看到Reptiles，birdsandmammalsallsleep，但是下段话中紧接着说了…itisknownthatreptilesdonotdream．Birdsdreamalittle，题干内容正与此相悖，故本句与原文中的内容不相符合。

4．