大学英语六级阅读真题及答案文档格式.docx

大学英语六级阅读真题及答案文档格式.docx

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Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.

Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange（IPCC）.“Aslongaswe’reconsumingfossilfuels,we’reputtingoutCO2,”saysKlausLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University”WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely.”

ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.“Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducingemissions,”saysKimCorley,Shell’ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant’scarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.

Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou’vecapturedit?

Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables.

However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean,ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline（盐的）formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47.Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives?

48.WhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2emissions?

49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand.

50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.

51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.

参考答案

47.capturingandstoringCO2或者captureandstorageofCO2

48.captureandstorage

49.putittonewuse

50.increasetheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables

51.thescaleofCO2emissions

SectionB

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'

spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.

What'

sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.

Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical（不道德的）behavioringeneral.

“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’sWhartonSchool.

“Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”

AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.

Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed

Inarebuttal（反驳）paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:

“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”

ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.

“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.

52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?

A）Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.

B）Thegoalincreasepeople’sworkefficiency.

C）Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.

D）Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.

53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?

A）Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.

B）Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.

C）Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.

D）Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.

54.HowdidSears’goal-settingaffectitsemployees?

A）Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.

B）Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.

C）Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.

D）Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.

55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer’sresearch?

A）Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.

B）Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-setting.

C）Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.

D）Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.

56.WhatisSchweitzer’scontentionagainstEdwinLocke?

A）Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy.

B）Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.

C）Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.

D）Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish（经济滞长的）nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating（停滞不前）underfaultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofgovernment.”

ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernment---followingRonaldRegan’sideathat“governmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;

governmentistheproblem.“Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisivegovernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“biggovernment.”

IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantigovernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethattheAmerica’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shugegovernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.Asmall