12六级真题Word下载.docx

12六级真题Word下载.docx

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Forgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial—ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:

gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRamertocutcostsathisfamily—ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout￡100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis￡90,000fuelandpowerbillby￡60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”

Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.

Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.

Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact.

Insulate

Spaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout（orviceversa）.Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:

ifyouaddenoughyoucanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces（onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning）havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.

ChangeBulbs

Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.

Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLS,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.

ComfortZone

Waterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.

MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmostImillionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheat

theinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.

Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?

Ithasdowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsaving.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.

Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.

Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.

Willitbeenough?

Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.

1.Whatissaidtobebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?

A）Raisingefficiency. 

B）Cuttingunnecessarycosts..

C）Findingalternativeresources. 

D）Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.

2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?

A）Diversifyenergysupply. 

B）Cutenergyconsumption.

C）Reducecarbonemissions. 

D）RaiseproductionRaiseproductionefficiency.

3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto_____________.

A）improveyourworkenvironment 

B）cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf 

C）getridofair-conditioners 

D）enjoymuchbetterhealth

4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?

A）Asmallportion. 

B）Some40percent. 

C）Almosthalf. 

D）75to80percent.

5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby__________.

A）upgradingtheequipment 

B）encouraginginvestments 

C）implementinghigh-tech 

D）providingsubsidies

6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves￡200millionayearby___________.

A）recyclingheatandenergy 

B）settingupfactoriesinChina

C）usingthenewesttechnology 

D）reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants

7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif___________.

A）weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipes

B）Wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances

C）Wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

D）Wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients____________.

9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith_____.

10.Thestrongestincentivesforenergyconservationwillderivefrom__________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension 

（35minutes）

SectionA

11.A）Proceedinhisownway. 

B）Sticktotheoriginalplan.

C）Compromisewithhiscolleague. 

D）Trytochangehiscolleague’smind.

12.A）Maryhasakeeneyeforstyle. 

B）Nancyregretsbuyingthedress.

C）NancyandMarywentshoppingtogetherinRome. 

D）NancyandMaryliketofollowthelatestfashion.

13.A）Washthedishes. 

B）Gotothetheatre.

C）PickupGeorgeandMartha. 

D）Takeherdaughtertohospital.

14.A）Sheenjoysmakingupstoriesaboutotherpeople. 

B）Shecanneverkeepanythingtoherselfforlong.

C）Sheiseagertosharenewswiththewoman. 

D）Sheisthebestinformedwomanintown.

15.A）Acardealer. 

B）Amechanic 

C）Adrivingexaminer. 

D）Atechnicalconsultant.

16.A）Theshoppingmallhasbeendesertedrecently. 

B）Shopperscanonlyfindgoodstoresinthemall.

C）Lotsofpeoplemovedoutofthedowntownarea. 

D）Thereisn’tmuchbusinessdowntownnowadays.

17.A）Hewillhelpthewomanwithherreading. 

B）Theloungeisnotaplaceforhimtostudyin.

C）Hefeelssleepywheneverhetriestostudy. 

D）Acozyplaceisratherhardtofindoncampus.

18.A）Toprotectherfromgettingscratches. 

B）Tohelprelieveherofthepain.

C）Topreventmosquitobites. 

D）Toavoidgettingsunburnt.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A）Inastudio. 

B）Inaclothingstore. 

C）Atabeachresort 

D）Atafashionshow

20.A）Tolivetherepermanently. 

B）Tostaythereforhalfayear.

C）Tofindabetterjobtosupportherself. 

D）TosellleathergoodsforaBritishcompany.

21.A）Designingfashionitemsforseveralcompanies. 

B）Modelingforaworld-famousItaliancompany.

C）WorkingasanemployeeforFerragamo. 

D）ServingasasalesagentforBurberrys.

22.A）Ithasseenasteadydeclineinitsprofits. 

B）Ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.

C）Ithaslostmanycustomerstoforeigncompanies. 

D）Ithasattractedlotmoredesignersfromabroad.

23.A）Ithelpshe