7GeV ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE APSWord文件下载.docx
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a7-GeVboostersynchrotron,andan1104-m-circumferenceelectronstorageringwithanominalenergyof7GeV.Thestorageringprovidessynchrotronradiation-based,high-brilliancex-raybeamstousersvia68beamlines(34orginatingatinsertiondevices,theother34originatingatabendingmagnets).
400acceleratorresearchanddevelopment
Currentresearchactivitiesincludeacceleratorphysicsresearch,charged-particlebeamdynamicscalculations,particle-beamtransportdesign,measurementofacceleratormagnets,fabricationandtestingofvacuumsystemchambers,radio-frequencyaccelerationsystemmeasurements,acceleratordiagnosticsystemresearchanddevelopment,andcomputer-basedacceleratorcontrolsystem.
401advancednuclearreactorsystemsforhydrogenproduction
Tofacilitateatransitiontoahydrogen-basedeconomy,thelaboratoryisworkingonanumberofprojectscenteredaroundanadvancednuclearreactor.Suchareactorwouldoperateatatemperaturewellinexcessofthereactorsthatarecurrentlyincommercialoperationandwouldbeusedtoeitherpyrolyzenaturalgasorcrackwaterinordertomakehydrogen.Itispredictedthatthishydrogenwillbeneededtofuelbothautomobilesandhomesinthenearfuture.Specificprojectsinthisareaincludedevelopmentofprocessesforseparatingplutoniumandfissionproductsfrommoltensalt,developmentofaprocessforreducingoxidefuelstometallicform,designofhightemperaturenuclearreactors,anddevelopmentofchemicalprocessesforefficientlyconvertinghydrocarbonsorwaterintohydrogen.Thisisawide-ranging,multi-disciplinaryprojectthatrequirestheskillsofnuclear,chemical,andmechanicalengineersaswellasphysicists,chemists,appliedmathematicians,andcomputerscientists.
402X-rayScienceDivision
TheseactivitiesincluderesearchinmanyareasofChemistry,MaterialsScience,MagneticMaterialsandCondensedMatterPhysicsaswellasthedevelopmentofinstrumentationneededforabroadrangeofx-raymicroscopy,scattering,spectroscopy,imaging,andtime-resolvedexperimentsinthesefieldstobeperformedattheAdvancedPhotonSource.Inadditiontoresearchinmanyscientificareas,currentactivitiesarerelatedtodevelopmentofelectronicsforstateoftheartX-raydetectors,X-rayopticsthatallowfocusingatthenanometerscale,novelsynchrotronradiationinstrumentation,andexperimentalequipmentusefulforvariousresearchapplications.
403facilitiesconstructionandprojectmanagement
Theseactivitiesincludeconstruction-relatedfieldengineering,safetyandenvironmentalengineering,qualityassurance,andprojectmanagement;
civil,structural,mechanical,andelectricalengineering;
siteimprovements,andconstructionormodificationofseveralbuildingsandutilitysystems.
404BIOPHYSICS(BIO-CAT)
Primaryfociareonthestructureofparticallyorderedbiologicalmolecules,complexesofbiomolecules,andcellularstructuresunderconditionssimilartothosepresentinlivingcells.Researchgoalsincludethedeterminationofdetailedmechanismsofactionofbiologicalsystemsatthemolecularlevel.Techniquesusedincludex-rayfiberdiffraction,x-rayscattering,x-rayabsorption/emissionsspectroscopy,anddiffractionenhancedimaging.ConsortiumincludesIllinoisInstituteofTechnology.
405CONSORTIUMFORADVANCEDRADIATIONSOURCES(CARS-CAT)
TheconsortiumincludesTheUniversityofChicago,NorthernIllinoisUniversity,SouthernIllinoisUniversity,andAustralianNuclearScienceandTechnologyOrganization,andrepresentsfournationalusergroups:
BioCARSforstructuralbiology,GeoCARSforgeophysicalsciences,SoilEnvironCARSforsoil/environmentalsciences,andChemMatCARSforchemistryandmaterialsscience.Techniquesusedincludehighpressurediffraction,microspectroscopy,microtomography,x-rayscattering,andcrystallography.
406DUPONT-NORTHWESTERNUNIVERSITY-DOW(DND-CAT)
Thisfacilityisdedicatedtoadvancingx-raystudyonnewmaterials.Fociincludethestudyoftheatomicstructuresofbulkmaterials,thestudyoftwo-dimensionalatomicstructures,andpolymerscienceandtechnology.Techniquesincludeimaging,crystallography,scattering,andtomography.
407INDUSTRIALMACROMOLECULARCRYSTALLOGRAPHYASSOCIATION
(IMCA-CAT)
Thisconsortiuminvolvescrystallographicgroupsfrom12companiesintheUnitedStateswithmajorpharmaceuticalresearchlabs,inassociationwiththeCenterforSynchrotronRadiationResearchattheIllinoisInstituteofTechnology.Alargefractionoftheresearchisproprietary.Techniquesincludemultiwavelengthanomalousdiffraction.
408MATERIALSRESEARCH(MR-CAT)
IllinoisInstituteofTechnologyisamongfouruniversitiesandonemajorcorporation(BP-Amoco)involvedwiththiscollaboration.Fociincludesstudiesofadvancedmaterialsinsituasameansofcharacterizingtheirstructureandelectronicproperties,aswellasunderstandingtheirpreparation.Primarytechniquesincludewide-andsmall-anglescattering,single-crystalandpowderdiffraction,absorptionspectroscopy,reflectivity,standingwaves,diffractionanomalousfinestructure,andtime-dependentandmicrofocustechniques.
BIOSCIENCESDIVISION(BIO)
TheprincipalmissionoftheBiosciencesDivisionistoconductmultidisciplinary,basicresearchthatfurtherincreasestheunderstandingoffundamentalmolecularmechanismsoflife,enablingvaluableadvancesinenvironmentalprotectionandremediation,energyproductionandsustainability,andhumanhealthandwelfare.ResearchprojectsintheDivisionrangefromfundamentalstudiesofDNAsequencesusingmolecularbiologyandcomputationalstrategiestopracticaluseofgenomicinformation,includingselectionoftargetsforproteinfunctionandstructuredeterminationsandproteinengineeringtoelucidatenaturalbiologicalprocesses.ManagementoftwostructuralbiologyuserfacilitiesattheAdvancedPhotonSource,theStructuralBiologyCenterfundedbytheDepartmentofEnergyandtheGM/CACATfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth,alsofallswithintheBiosciencesDivision.TheSectionsare:
StructuralBiology
409MIDWESTCENTERFORSTRUCTURALGENOMICS
TheMidwestCenterforStructuralGenomics(MCSG)isaconsortiumoftheArgonneNationalLaboratory,EuropeanBioinformaticsInstitute,NorthwesternUniversity,UniversityofToronto,WashingtonUniversity,UniversityCollegeLondon,UniversityofVirginiaandtheUniversityofTexasandapartoftheNIH-fundedtheProteinStructureInitiative.TheprimaryobjectiveoftheMCSGistorapidlydeterminethestructuresofstrategicallyselectedandbio-medicallyimportanttargetsincludingproteinsfrompathogensandhighereukaryotes.TheMCSGgoalistoelucidateproteinfoldingspaceandultimatelyprovidestructuralcoverageofmajorproteinfamilieswithsufficientgranularitytoallow3Dhomologymodelingofallproteinsusingonlycomputationalmethods.Thiswillprovidethefoundationfor21stcenturystructuralbiologywhenstructuresofvirtuallyallproteinswillbefoundintheProteinDataBank(PDB)orderivedbycomputationalmethods.
410CENTERFORSTRUCTURALGENOMICSOFINFECTIOUSDISEASES
CSGIDappliesstate-of-the-arthigh-throughput(HTP)structuralbiologytechnologiestoexperimentallycharacterizethethreedimensionalatomicstructureoftargetedproteinsfrompathogensintheNIAIDCategoryA-Cprioritylistsandorganismscausingemergingandre-emerginginfectiousdiseases
411STRUCTURALCORRELATESOFPROTEINFUNCTION
Wefocusonthecharacterizationandstructuredeterminationofproteins.
Ourultimategoalistounderstandhowthestructuresandfunctionsofproteinsarerelated.
Thesamplesthatweworkwithincludeproteinsthatareimportantin
(1)bioremediation(multihemecytochromes,hemebasedsensors),
(2)biofuels(hydrolyticenzymes),(3)humanhealth(immunoglobulinlightchains),and(4)photosynthesis(reactioncenter)
412MEMBRANEPROTEINENGINEERING
Membrane-boundproteinsposeparticularchallengesforbiochemicalandbiophysicalstudies.
Ourdevelopmentofnovelexpressionsystemsandstabilizingreagentsformembraneproteinsadvancesthepotentialforstudyofthesehighlyspecializedmolecularsystems.
413WIDE-ANGLEX-RAYSCATTERING
Thehigh-resolution,three-dimensionalstructureofaproteinprovidesanimportantbasisforevaluatingproteinfunction.Unfortunately,highresolutionstructuralimagingviamacromolecularcrystallographyandNMRspectroscopyisapplicableonlytoarelativelysmallproportionoftheproteomeandpublishedsuccessratesforhigh-throughput(HTP)structuralgenomicscentersarecurrentlylessthan2%
414GreatLakesRegionalCenterofExcellenceforBiodefenseandEmergingInfectiousDiseases
ResearchProjectsintheGreatLakesRCEaremulti-year,multi-disciplinarystudiesaimedatthedevelopmentofnewvaccinesortherapiesagainstdiseasescausedbyagentsthatcanbeusedasbiologicalweapons.
ComputationalBiology
415HomologyAnalysisforStructure,Function,andMalfunction
Amajorchallengeforstructuralbiologyistomaximizetheinformationcontentintheaminoacidsequenceofaprotein.
Theinformationrelevanttofunctionalgenomicsinclude