研究生考研英语二真题和答案解析Word格式.docx
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,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.
6,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor
7
Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe
8
forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting
9
poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany
10
theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.
Butitdoesn’t
11
followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe
12
ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe
13
ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould
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strikinglydifferentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the
15
ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.
Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively
16
formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional
17
oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel
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”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself
19
ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor
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matters.
1．[A]boasting
[B]denying
[C]warning
[D]ensuring
【答案】[C]warning
2．[A]inequality
[B]instability
[C]unreliability
[D]uncertainty
【答案】[A]inequality
3．[A]policy
[B]guideline
[C]resolution
[D]prediction
【答案】[D]prediction
4．[A]characterized
[B]divided
[C]balanced
[D]measured
【答案】[A]characterized
5．[A]wisdom
[B]meaning
[C]glory
[D]freedom
【答案】[B]meaning
6．[A]Instead
[B]Indeed
[C]Thus
[D]Nevertheless
【答案】[B]Indeed
7．[A]rich
[B]urban
[C]working
[D]educated
【答案】[C]working
8．[A]explanation
[B]requirement
[C]compensation
[D]substitute
【答案】[A]explanation
9．[A]under
[B]beyond
[C]alongside
[D]among
【答案】[D]among
10．[A]leavebehind
[B]makeup
[C]worryabout
[D]setaside
【答案】[C]worryabout
11．[A]statistically
[B]occasionally
[C]necessarily
[D]economically
【答案】[C]necessarily
12．[A]chances
[B]downsides
[C]benefits
[D]principles
【答案】[B]downsides
13．[A]absence
[B]height
[C]face
[D]course
【答案】[A]absence
14．[A]disturb
[B]restore
[C]exclude
[D]yield
【答案】[D]yield
15．[A]model
[B]practice
[C]virtue
[D]hardship
【答案】[C]virtue
16．[A]tricky
[B]lengthy
[C]mysterious
[D]scarce
【答案】[D]scarce
17．[A]demands
[B]standards
[C]qualities
[D]threats
【答案】[A]demands
18．[A]ignored
[B]tired
[C]confused
[D]starved
【答案】[B]tired
19．[A]off
[B]against
[C]behind
[D]into
【答案】[D]into
20．[A]technological
[B]professional
[C]educational
[D]interpersonal
【答案】[B]professional
SectionII
ReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）
Text1
EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;
theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.
ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.
Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:
Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:
Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.
Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas
.
[A]gainedgreatpopularity
[B]createdmanyjobs
[C]strengthenedcommunityties
[D]becomeanofficialfestival
【答案】[A]gainedgreatpopularity
22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto
.
[A]boostpopulationgrowth
[B]promotesportparticipation
[C]improvethecity’simage
[D]increasesporthoursinschools
【答案】[B]promotesportparticipation
23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit
[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents
[B]focusesonmasscompetition
[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism
[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers
【答案】[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism
24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould
[A]organize“grassroots”sportsevents
[B]superviselocalsportsassociations
[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs
[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities
【答案】[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis
[A]tolerant
[B]critical
[C]uncertain
[D]sympathetic
【答案】[B]critical
Text2
Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”
Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.
Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;
Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.
Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”witht
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