Guide to Supply Chain Management1文档格式.docx

Guide to Supply Chain Management1文档格式.docx

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paul.thompson@

ISBN978-3-642-17675-3e-ISBN978-3-642-17676-0

DOI10.1007/978-3-642-17676-0

SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork

LibraryofCongressControlNumber:

2011923331

#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011

Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication

orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.

Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective

lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.

Coverdesign:

WMXDesignGmbH,Heidelberg,Germany

Printedonacid-freepaper

SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia（）

Acknowledgement

We’dliketoacknowledgeandthankourfamiliesandeveryonewhosupportedusin

thisproject,particularlyonthetextandcasestudies.

v

Foreword

Thisguideisareallyusefulreminderofwhatgoodpracticeisandhowitshouldbe

appliedwithinsupplychainmanagement.Thebookisrelevantforstudentsof

supplychainmanagementandprofessionalpractitionersalike.

Thekeyaspectsofsupplychainarelaidoutclearly–plan,source,make,deliver,

andreturn.Thebookiswellconstructedintotality–andIcanenvisagerevisiting

specificchaptersinisolationwhilstconstructinganddeliveringsupplychain

strategy.

ThisisthefirstbookthatIhavecomeacrossthatisfocussedmoreuponthe

conceptsunderpinningthetotalsupplychainratherthanthephysicalexecutionof

thesupplychain.Itsrangeisfromforecasting,inventorymanagementandcash

throughexecutionstrategyanddevelopment.Iwouldaddittomyarsenaland

recommendittoothers.

Thecontentisrelevant;

conceptsareclearlyexplainedandsupportedbycase

studiesthatbringtheconceptstolife.Thelanguageusedisclearandcontemporary,

visualisationsre-enforcetheconceptswell.Theadditionalsuggestedreadingatthe

endofeachchapteroffersanaddedopportunitytofurtherdevelopunderstandingof

specificelementsofthesupplychain.

Organisationsoperatingonaglobalstagehavetogetthisstuffright,bothin

processandphysicalterms:

itisanessentialelementtodeliveringprofitable

growth.Thisbookoffersaninvaluableguidetounderstandingthespecificdynamics

ofyoursupplychainandthefundamentalsunderpinningit.Itprovidestheframework

fordeliveringasupplychainstrategybaseduponrecognisedbestpractice.

ChiefExecutiveOfficerMartinMcCourt

DysonLimited

Wiltshire,Uk

vii

Preface

Supplychainmanagementisafast-growingbusiness.Overthelasttenyears,ithas

drivencompaniesaroundtheworldtochangestructureand–maybemoreimportantly

–thewaytheythinkaboutoperatinginaglobalenvironment.Everything

weconsumefromthefoodweeatandtheclotheswewear,tothecarswedrive,

isconfiguredfromcomponentsthathavetravelledfromdifferentcornersofthe

world.Asconsumersrequesthigh-qualityproductsatlowercost,supplychain

managementhasbecomeascriticalassales,marketingandfinanceintoday’s

organisations.

Companiesthatproduceandmoveproductsarefindingitmoreandmoredifficult

tomakethemselvesuniqueordifferentfromthecompetition,wheresuccessis

evermoredifficulttoachieve.Asaconsequence,releasingopportunitiesinsupply

chainsisnow,asever,thegoaltobeatcompetition–andprovidebetterserviceat

lowercost.

Duringourworkassupplychaintrainersforlargemultinationalcompaniesin

variousindustrieswehavemetprofessionalsallovertheworldwhoarepassionate

aboutachievingthesegoals.Thisguideisdesignedtohelpprofessionals,students

andeveryoneelsewithaninterestinthistopictostructuretheirthoughtsand

methodologies.

Businesspractitionerswhoworkinsupplychainmanagementandthosewhose

businessfunctionsinteractwithitwillalsohaveaninterestinreadingtheguide.

Students,whetherstudyingatuniversitiesorinvocationaltraining,willfindthis

guideacomprehensiveintroductiontosupplychainmanagement.Butalsopeople

workinginothercontexts,suchascharityprojectsorprofessionalindustrybodies

willfindthistextusefulwithitsintuitivemodelsandmanypracticalexamples.

Inwritingthisguide,wehavetriedtoconnectwithourreadersbyusingsimple

andstraightforwardmodels.Byincludingreal-lifeexamplesandcasestudiesof

bestpractice,theguideaimstobringsupplychaintheorytolife.Thepractical

approachandformatwillenablereaderstocapitaliseontheinsightspresentedin

theguide.

Inpreparingthisbook,wehavedrawngreatlyonthethoughtsandconceptsof

others.Ifwehaveomittedtogiveanycreditswherecreditsaredue,weapologise

ix

andhopethattheywillmakecontacttoincludeinfutureeditions.Learningisan

interactiveexperience,sowewelcomeanyfeedbackorideasofhowtoimprovethis

guide.Afterall,wehavelearnedmostfromthepeopleweworkedwith.

Ifyouwouldliketogetintouchwiththeauthors,pleaseemailus:

feedback@

Worcestershire,UKColinScott

xPreface

Contents

1IntroductiontoSupplyChainManagement............................1

1.1WhatStartsaSupplyChain?

..........................................1

1.2AFunctionalViewofSupplyChainManagement...................3

1.3SupplyChainPlayers..................................................4

1.4SupplyChainDynamics...............................................6

2GuidetoPlaninSupplyChainManagement...........................9

2.1InventoryandSupplyChains..........................................9

2.1.1DifferentTypesofInventory..................................11

2.1.2CycleStock....................................................11

2.1.3SafetyStock....................................................13

2.1.4ReducingInventory............................................16

2.2DemandandSupplyPlanning........................................16

2.2.1DescribingDemand............................................16

2.2.2ForecastingMethods...........................................20

2.2.3DemandPlanningImprovements..............................23

2.2.4TwoModelsofOrderCycleManagement....................24

2.2.5TheEconomicOrderQuantity（EOQ）........................26

2.3SalesandOperationsPlanning.......................................28

2.3.1TheS&

OPProcess............................................28

2.3.2GuidingPrinciplesforSuccessfulS&

OP

Implementations...............................................30

2.3.3CustomerServiceImprovementsThroughS&

OP............31

2.3.4WhyS&

OPImplementationsFail.............................32

2.3.5DifferentPlanningHorizons...................................33

2.4CaseStudyofBestPracticeinPlan:

Beiersdorf.....................34

2.5SuggestionsforFurtherReading.....................................36

References.................................................................36

xi

3GuidetoSourceinSupplyChainManagement.......................37

3.1IntroductiontoSourcing..............................................37

3.1.1ThePurchasingProcess:

Pre-orderSteps.....................39

3.1.2ThePurchasingProcess:

Post-orderSteps....................40

3.1.3TacticalSourcing..............................................41

3.2StrategicSourcingInitiatives......