Guide to Supply Chain Management1文档格式.docx
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paul.thompson@
ISBN978-3-642-17675-3e-ISBN978-3-642-17676-0
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-17676-0
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:
2011923331
#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
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SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia()
Acknowledgement
We’dliketoacknowledgeandthankourfamiliesandeveryonewhosupportedusin
thisproject,particularlyonthetextandcasestudies.
v
Foreword
Thisguideisareallyusefulreminderofwhatgoodpracticeisandhowitshouldbe
appliedwithinsupplychainmanagement.Thebookisrelevantforstudentsof
supplychainmanagementandprofessionalpractitionersalike.
Thekeyaspectsofsupplychainarelaidoutclearly–plan,source,make,deliver,
andreturn.Thebookiswellconstructedintotality–andIcanenvisagerevisiting
specificchaptersinisolationwhilstconstructinganddeliveringsupplychain
strategy.
ThisisthefirstbookthatIhavecomeacrossthatisfocussedmoreuponthe
conceptsunderpinningthetotalsupplychainratherthanthephysicalexecutionof
thesupplychain.Itsrangeisfromforecasting,inventorymanagementandcash
throughexecutionstrategyanddevelopment.Iwouldaddittomyarsenaland
recommendittoothers.
Thecontentisrelevant;
conceptsareclearlyexplainedandsupportedbycase
studiesthatbringtheconceptstolife.Thelanguageusedisclearandcontemporary,
visualisationsre-enforcetheconceptswell.Theadditionalsuggestedreadingatthe
endofeachchapteroffersanaddedopportunitytofurtherdevelopunderstandingof
specificelementsofthesupplychain.
Organisationsoperatingonaglobalstagehavetogetthisstuffright,bothin
processandphysicalterms:
itisanessentialelementtodeliveringprofitable
growth.Thisbookoffersaninvaluableguidetounderstandingthespecificdynamics
ofyoursupplychainandthefundamentalsunderpinningit.Itprovidestheframework
fordeliveringasupplychainstrategybaseduponrecognisedbestpractice.
ChiefExecutiveOfficerMartinMcCourt
DysonLimited
Wiltshire,Uk
vii
Preface
Supplychainmanagementisafast-growingbusiness.Overthelasttenyears,ithas
drivencompaniesaroundtheworldtochangestructureand–maybemoreimportantly
–thewaytheythinkaboutoperatinginaglobalenvironment.Everything
weconsumefromthefoodweeatandtheclotheswewear,tothecarswedrive,
isconfiguredfromcomponentsthathavetravelledfromdifferentcornersofthe
world.Asconsumersrequesthigh-qualityproductsatlowercost,supplychain
managementhasbecomeascriticalassales,marketingandfinanceintoday’s
organisations.
Companiesthatproduceandmoveproductsarefindingitmoreandmoredifficult
tomakethemselvesuniqueordifferentfromthecompetition,wheresuccessis
evermoredifficulttoachieve.Asaconsequence,releasingopportunitiesinsupply
chainsisnow,asever,thegoaltobeatcompetition–andprovidebetterserviceat
lowercost.
Duringourworkassupplychaintrainersforlargemultinationalcompaniesin
variousindustrieswehavemetprofessionalsallovertheworldwhoarepassionate
aboutachievingthesegoals.Thisguideisdesignedtohelpprofessionals,students
andeveryoneelsewithaninterestinthistopictostructuretheirthoughtsand
methodologies.
Businesspractitionerswhoworkinsupplychainmanagementandthosewhose
businessfunctionsinteractwithitwillalsohaveaninterestinreadingtheguide.
Students,whetherstudyingatuniversitiesorinvocationaltraining,willfindthis
guideacomprehensiveintroductiontosupplychainmanagement.Butalsopeople
workinginothercontexts,suchascharityprojectsorprofessionalindustrybodies
willfindthistextusefulwithitsintuitivemodelsandmanypracticalexamples.
Inwritingthisguide,wehavetriedtoconnectwithourreadersbyusingsimple
andstraightforwardmodels.Byincludingreal-lifeexamplesandcasestudiesof
bestpractice,theguideaimstobringsupplychaintheorytolife.Thepractical
approachandformatwillenablereaderstocapitaliseontheinsightspresentedin
theguide.
Inpreparingthisbook,wehavedrawngreatlyonthethoughtsandconceptsof
others.Ifwehaveomittedtogiveanycreditswherecreditsaredue,weapologise
ix
andhopethattheywillmakecontacttoincludeinfutureeditions.Learningisan
interactiveexperience,sowewelcomeanyfeedbackorideasofhowtoimprovethis
guide.Afterall,wehavelearnedmostfromthepeopleweworkedwith.
Ifyouwouldliketogetintouchwiththeauthors,pleaseemailus:
feedback@
Worcestershire,UKColinScott
xPreface
Contents
1IntroductiontoSupplyChainManagement............................1
1.1WhatStartsaSupplyChain?
..........................................1
1.2AFunctionalViewofSupplyChainManagement...................3
1.3SupplyChainPlayers..................................................4
1.4SupplyChainDynamics...............................................6
2GuidetoPlaninSupplyChainManagement...........................9
2.1InventoryandSupplyChains..........................................9
2.1.1DifferentTypesofInventory..................................11
2.1.2CycleStock....................................................11
2.1.3SafetyStock....................................................13
2.1.4ReducingInventory............................................16
2.2DemandandSupplyPlanning........................................16
2.2.1DescribingDemand............................................16
2.2.2ForecastingMethods...........................................20
2.2.3DemandPlanningImprovements..............................23
2.2.4TwoModelsofOrderCycleManagement....................24
2.2.5TheEconomicOrderQuantity(EOQ)........................26
2.3SalesandOperationsPlanning.......................................28
2.3.1TheS&
OPProcess............................................28
2.3.2GuidingPrinciplesforSuccessfulS&
OP
Implementations...............................................30
2.3.3CustomerServiceImprovementsThroughS&
OP............31
2.3.4WhyS&
OPImplementationsFail.............................32
2.3.5DifferentPlanningHorizons...................................33
2.4CaseStudyofBestPracticeinPlan:
Beiersdorf.....................34
2.5SuggestionsforFurtherReading.....................................36
References.................................................................36
xi
3GuidetoSourceinSupplyChainManagement.......................37
3.1IntroductiontoSourcing..............................................37
3.1.1ThePurchasingProcess:
Pre-orderSteps.....................39
3.1.2ThePurchasingProcess:
Post-orderSteps....................40
3.1.3TacticalSourcing..............................................41
3.2StrategicSourcingInitiatives......