Guide to Supply Chain Management1文档格式.docx

1、paul.thompson ISBN 978-3-642-17675-3 e-ISBN 978-3-642-17676-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-17676-0 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011923331 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the wh

2、ole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provi

3、sions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publicat

4、ion does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business

5、 Media （）Acknowledgement Wed like to acknowledge and thank our families and everyone who supported us in this project, particularly on the text and case studies. vForeword This guide is a really useful reminder of what good practice is and how it should be applied within supply chain management. The

6、 book is relevant for students of supply chain management and professional practitioners alike. The key aspects of supply chain are laid out clearly plan, source, make, deliver, and return. The book is well constructed in totality and I can envisage revisiting specific chapters in isolation whilst c

7、onstructing and delivering supply chain strategy. This is the first book that I have come across that is focussed more upon the concepts underpinning the total supply chain rather than the physical execution of the supply chain. Its range is from forecasting, inventory management and cash through ex

8、ecution strategy and development. I would add it to my arsenal and recommend it to others. The content is relevant; concepts are clearly explained and supported by case studies that bring the concepts to life. The language used is clear and contemporary, visualisations re-enforce the concepts well.

9、The additional suggested reading at the end of each chapter offers an added opportunity to further develop understanding of specific elements of the supply chain. Organisations operating on a global stage have to get this stuff right, both in process and physical terms: it is an essential element to

10、 delivering profitable growth. This book offers an invaluable guide to understanding the specific dynamics of your supply chain and the fundamentals underpinning it. It provides the framework for delivering a supply chain strategy based upon recognised best practice. Chief Executive Officer Martin M

11、cCourt Dyson Limited Wiltshire, Uk viiPreface Supply chain management is a fast-growing business. Over the last ten years, it has driven companies around the world to change structure and maybe more importantly the way they think about operating in a global environment. Everything we consume from th

12、e food we eat and the clothes we wear, to the cars we drive, is configured from components that have travelled from different corners of the world. As consumers request high-quality products at lower cost, supply chain management has become as critical as sales, marketing and finance in todays organ

13、isations. Companies that produce and move products are finding it more and more difficult to make themselves unique or different from the competition, where success is evermore difficult to achieve. As a consequence, releasing opportunities in supply chains is now, as ever, the goal to beat competit

14、ion and provide better service at lower cost. During our work as supply chain trainers for large multinational companies in various industries we have met professionals all over the world who are passionate about achieving these goals. This guide is designed to help professionals, students and every

15、one else with an interest in this topic to structure their thoughts and methodologies. Business practitioners who work in supply chain management and those whose business functions interact with it will also have an interest in reading the guide. Students, whether studying at universities or in voca

16、tional training, will find this guide a comprehensive introduction to supply chain management. But also people working in other contexts, such as charity projects or professional industry bodies will find this text useful with its intuitive models and many practical examples. In writing this guide,

17、we have tried to connect with our readers by using simple and straightforward models. By including real-life examples and case studies of best practice, the guide aims to bring supply chain theory to life. The practical approach and format will enable readers to capitalise on the insights presented

18、in the guide. In preparing this book, we have drawn greatly on the thoughts and concepts of others. If we have omitted to give any credits where credits are due, we apologise ixand hope that they will make contact to include in future editions. Learning is an interactive experience, so we welcome an

19、y feedback or ideas of how to improve this guide. After all, we have learned most from the people we worked with. If you would like to get in touch with the authors, please email us: feedback Worcestershire, UK Colin Scott x PrefaceContents 1 Introduction to Supply Chain Management . . . . . . . . .

20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 What Starts a Supply Chain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 A Functional View of Supply Chain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Supply Chain Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 Supply Chain Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Guide to Plan in Supply Chain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1

22、Inventory and Supply Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.1 Different Types of Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.1.2 Cycle Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.1.3 Safety Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.1.4 Reducing Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2 Demand an

24、d Supply Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2.1 Describing Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2.2 Forecasting Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2.3 Demand Planning Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.4 Two Models of Order Cycle Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.2.5 The Economic Order Quantity （EOQ） . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、 . 26 2.3 Sales and Operations Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.3.1 The S&OP Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.3.2 Guiding Principles for Successful S&OP Implementations . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3.3 Customer Service Improvements Through S&OP . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.3.4 Why S&OP Implementations Fail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.3.5 Different Planning Horizons

28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.4 Case Study of Best Practice in Plan: Beiersdorf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.5 Suggestions for Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 References . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36xi3 Guide to Source in Supply Chain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.1 Introduction to Sourcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.1.1 The Purchasing Process: Pre-order Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.1.2 The Purchasing Process: Post-order Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.1.3 Tactical Sourcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.2 Strategic Sourcing Initiatives . . . . . .