考生作文Word下载.docx

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考生作文Word下载.docx

WhatIlearntfromthiseventwasthatoneshouldrelaxoneselfandbeconfidentenoughtodealwiththings.Iwillnotletithappenagain.What’smore,IhopeeveryonewillnevermakethesamemistakeaswhatIdid.(Conclusionwithlessonslearnedfromthemistakes,andsuggestionisalsomentionedheretothereader.)

2.2段落写作

2.2.1开始段

1开门见山Comedirectlytothepoint

2提问Questioning

3人物描述Describethecharacter

4意外新闻Surprisingnews

5数据Statistics

6引用Quotation

7定义Definition

8明喻、暗喻MetaphororSimile

 

2.2.2结束段落

1总结Summarizing

2反问Tagquestion

3建议Givingsuggestion

4谚语及其他Proverborsomething

2.3短文写作

2.3.1短文写作的类型

1,叙述Narration

2,描述Description

3,说明Exposition

4,议论Argumentation

2.3.2常用的连结词

(1)因果Cause-Effect

asaresult,invirtueof,consequently,thus,therefore,forthisreason,becauseof,onaccountof,sothat,dueto,owingto,forthereasonthat,etc.

(2)举例Example

forinstance,forexample,oneexampleis,suchas,Acaseinpoint,takeforexample,etc.

(3)条件Condition

if,incase,suppose,providedthat,aslongas.

(4)附加、变换Addition&

Alternation

and,notonly…butalso,aswellas,moreover,besides,eitheror,neither…nor,both…and,whetheror,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,furthermore,inaddition,What’smore,etc.

(5)比较、对照Compare&

Contrast

comparewith/to,like,inthesameway,similarly,unlike,aswellas,by/incontrast,onthecontrary,bycomparison,ontheotherhand,itmustbeadmitted,etc.

(6)让步、转换Concession&

Transition

but,however,ontheotherhand,nevertheless,whereas,while,yet,still,although,eventhough,though,inspiteof,apartfrom,unless,except,admittedly,doubtless,nevertheless,evenif,afterall,etc.

(7)强调Emphasis

indeed,certainly,aboveall,ofcourse,inaddition,infact,afterall,especially,inparticular,etc.

(8)时间Time

afterthat,fromnowon,next,fromthenon,first,secondly,finally,former,previous(ly),meanwhile,atthesametime,sincethen,bythetimebeing,temporarily,etc.

(9)空间Space

over,above,inside,outside,beside,across,between,before,belowcloseto,infrontof,inthecenterof,nearby,nearto,ontopof,etc.

(10)结论Conclusion

inthatcase,forthatreason,ifso…,inshort,inbrief,inaword,tosumup,inconclusion,etc.

二,描述文与说明文

描写文(Description)

描写文是用文字描绘一幅人物、地点、事物或景色的图画。

不同于记叙文,描写文一般都是从某个观察角度出发,抓住要描述的对象的特点,按一定顺序进行描述。

如:

由近及远,自上而下.等等。

说明文(Exposition)

说明文是用解释和说明的方法对事物的发生、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释和介绍,以提供信息。

它用于说明客观事物的特点和性能,或介绍某种操作的程序,或解释某些抽象概念或科学原理等。

说明文的写作要点是:

条理分明,例证充分,突出主题,合乎逻辑。

它常用的写作方法有:

举例、定义、分类、比较、对照、因果分析和叙述过程等。

1.人物描写

这部分主要描写人物的面貌外表、性相、行为举止或思想感情作者应抓住他有别于其他人的主要特点来描写,见下例。

MyTwoCousins

MytwocousinsMaryandAnnearesimilarinmanyways.

Infact,somepeoplethinkthetwogirlsaretwinsratherthansistersbecausethearecloseinage,bothintheirearlyteens,andbecausetheylookandactagooddealalike.Theyarebothtallfortheirageandslender,andtheybothweartheirdark-brownhairlongandstraight.Mary,whoisfifteen,hasstunninglargebrowneyes;

andAnne,whoisfourteen,alsohasbeautifuldarkeyes.Theybothhavelovelyolivecomplexions,andwhentheysmile,theyradiatewarmthandhappiness.Whatismostnoticeableaboutthetwogirlsisthattheyarebothtalented,outgoingandfriendly.Maryisthevicepresidentofherclassandactiveindanceanddrama.Anne,whoisalsoagoodstudent,isastarmemberofthetennisteamaswellasaccomplishedguitarist.

Asmightbeguessed,mytwocousinsarebothverypopular.

 

2.过程描述法(Process)

运用这种写作方法时,常用被动语态。

另外,在描写某一过程时,每一步之间的次序很重要。

恰当地使用表示先后顺序的过渡词语在过程描述中起关键作用。

常用句型句式有:

first,then,next,afterthat,finally,

Thefirststep/stage,thesecondstep/stage…thelaststep/stage

WaterPurification

Theprovisionofsafewaternecessitatesoneofthemajorexpenditureofmanpowerandrevenueinourmoderncities.Thepurificationofwaterisbasicallyatwo-steporthree-stepprocesscarriedourunderthestrictsupervisionofpublichealthscientistsandengineers.Asthefirststep,naturalwaterfromtheleastcontaminatedsourceisallowedtostandinlargereservoirs,wheremostofthemud,clayandsiltsettleout;

thisiscalled"

sedimentation."

Ofteninwaterwithhighmudcontent,limeandaluminumsulphateareaddedtothewaterinthesettlingreservoirs.Thesechemicalsreactinthewatertoformaluminumhydroxide,whichsettlesslowlyandcarriesmuchofthesuspendedmaterial,includingmostofthebacteria,tothebottomofthereservoirs.Asthesecondstep,thewaterisfilteredthroughbedsofthesandandgravel,whichremoveotherimpuritiesandchemicalsinit.Duringorafterfiltration,chemicalsareordinarilyaddedtothewatertokillanyremainingharmfulbacteria.Chlorineisoneofthemostcommonchemicalsusedforthispurpose.Athirdsteptakenbysomemunicipalitiesisaddingtothewaterotherbeneficialchemicalssuchasfluoridetomaketoothenamelhard,andsodaashtomakethewateritselfsoft.Thewaterpurificationprocess,carriedoutwithlittlevariationfromonelargecitytoanother,isperhapsthebiggestfactorinthepreventionofmajoroutbreakofdiseaseinthiscountry.

3.空间顺序描述法(Space)

空间顺序描述法是描写文体中比较常用的方法。

使用这种写作方法一定要注意参照点要清楚。

常见方式有;

1.由远及近或由近及远;

2.以中间某一点为参照点,然后按顺时针或逆时针顺序描述;

3.从某一点起,以A为参照点讲B,再以B为参照点讲C,依此类推。

其中,第三种方式最常用。

因为这种动态的描述可以使读者有身临其境的感觉。

空间顺序描述法常用句型句式有;

…stands/isstandinginthe.

Totheleft/rightstands

…stands/is/locatestotheright/leftof…..

…stands/is/locatesbetween…and…

whenyouarriveat/in….,youcansee….

Nextto…,ontheleft/right,youcansee….

环境说明文的写作应该注意的事项有下面几点:

1.语言简明扼要,通俗易懂,避免夸张华丽的辞藻,要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。

2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。

说明文中细枝末节较多,但不能喧宾夺主。

3.说明的次序非常重要。

合理的次序会使文章条理清楚,脉络明晰。

因此,练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作,找出最合理的一种。

4.由于说明文写实性较强,有时难免会让人感到没有生气。

因此,可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段,来增加文章的色彩。

e.g.TheLayoutofaHospital    

Direction:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionabout"

THELAYOUTOFAHOSPITAL"

.Locatesomeimportantdepartmentsinthehospitalbasedonthepictureandinformationgivenbelow.Yourcompositionsshouldbenolessthan100words.

(1)theEmergencyDepartmentTheLayoutofaHospital

(2)theOut-patientDepartment

(3)theSurgeryDepartment

(4)Dispensary

(5)PhysicianDepartment

(6)theEye,Ear,andThroatDepartment

(7)theDentalDepartment

(8)theLaboratory

(9)theX-rayDepartment

(10)theAdministrativeBuilding

(11)theWard

Nearthegate,onthewestsideoftheroadistheEmergencyDepartment.OppositetheEmergencyDepartmentacrosstheMainRoadistheOut-patientDepartment.ThebuildingtothesouthwestofthelakeistheDispensary,whichfacestheSurgeryDepartmentlyingontheothersideoftheroad.Alongthewestwall,fromsouthtonorth,standthreebuildings:

thePhysicianDepartment,theEye,Ear,andThroatDepartment,andtheDentalDepartment,Laboratoryistothenorthwestoftheroundabout,andbesidetheLaboratory,theX-rayDepartmentislocatedonthesamesideoftheroad.

AwindingroadbythelakeleadstotheWard.NeartheendoftheMainRoad,theAdministrativeBuildingissituatedontheeastside.Thehospitalisnicelyandconvenientlylaidout.

4.根据图表作文

这种作文形式是在给出标题的同时,给出图表,并附以提纲指示、关键词或段首句,而进行写作。

根据图表作文一般要求考生至对图表中的相关数据进行描述、分析和评论,并得出合乎逻辑的笑论。

这种写作形式是一种将数据、形象信息转化为文字信息的过程

写作时考生可以采用先描述后议论或夹叙夹议的方法。

叙述一般是在为议论打基础,所以,除了直接引用表中有关典型数据外,有必要做些简单计算,指出增减的百分比、倍数或绝对数字来。

切忌毫无目的的引用表中过多或全部的数据。

图表文常用的句型、句式有:

thetable(diagram/graph/chart/piechart/curve)presents(indicates/shows)thedata(statistics/figures)about...

theabovedata(statistics/figures)canbeinterpretedasfollows:

Asisshowninthetab

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