人教版高一英语必修一课本基础知识整理Word文档下载推荐.docx
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upset此处为adj.做主语补足语，用来补充说明主语的情况。
Eg.Hewenttobedcoldandhungry.
Shegotmarriedyoung.
Theroomwasfoundempty.
▲upset的用法：
（1）.adj.心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的（多做表语）
搭配：
beupsetaboutsth.为某事烦心beupsetthat…心烦
eg.Shewasreallyupsetaboutlosingthemoney.
Iwasupsetthathehadleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.
（2）.vt.使不安，使心烦（upset,upset）
Eg.Don’tupsetyourselfaboutit.Thebadnewsupsettheboy’smother.
3.calmdownvt./vi.（使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来
eg.Theexcitedgirlquicklycalmeddown.
Hetookadeepbreathtocalmhimselfdown.
▲calmadj.平静的，镇静的，沉着的
eg.Keepcalm.Afterthestorm,itbecamecalmagain.
▲adj.calm,quiet,still,silent辨析：
calm平静的，沉着的（指无风浪或者人的心情不激动）
quiet安静的，宁静的（指没有声音，不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼，忧虑）
still静止的，不动的（指没有运动或者动作的状态）
silent沉默的，不出声的（指没有声音或者不讲话）
【一言辨异】Whenfacingdanger,youshouldkeepcalm;
whentakenphotosof,youshouldkeepstill;
whensomeoneelseisasleep,youshouldkeepquiet;
inclass,youshouldn’tkeepsilentabouttheteacher’squestions.
4.havegotto不得不，必须=haveto
eg.Ihavegottogotoameeting.
Haveyougottogonow?
Hehasn’tgottocometomorrow.
【说明】:
havegotto很少用于过去时态。
haveto可用于各种时态，而且可与情态动词，助动词连用。
haveto强调客观需要“不得不”;
must强调主观愿望“必须”
5.concern
（1）vt.（使）担忧，涉及，关系到
eg.Sheconcernsherselfaboutherson’sfuture.
Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.
▲concern做动词时，更多情况下用过去分词做表语。
搭配：
1beconcernedabout/forsth.为…担心，关心，关注，挂念
②beconcernedwithsth.与…有关，涉及
③as/sofarassb.beconcerned就某人而言
Eg.Thefamilyareallconcernedabouthersafety.
Hewasconcernedwiththematter.
AsfarasIamconcerned,Idon’tagreewithyou.
（2）n.[u]/[c]担心，挂念，关注，利害关系；
关心的事
Eg.show/express/feel/haveconcernabout/for…关心…
withconcern关心地
Atthattime,oneofhisconcernswastogotocollege.
6.getloose变松（“get+adj.”构成系表结构，意为“变得…”）
Eg.Itisgettingdarkeranddarkeroutside.
▲“get+过去分词”构成系表结构：
①表示被动。
Eg.getburnt被烫伤gethurt受伤getkilled被杀getcaught被抓
②表示自身发出的动作。
Eg.getchanged换衣服getdressed穿衣服getmarried结婚
getwashed洗脸
▲“get+v-ing”构成系表结构：
（意为“某人/某物开始做…”,表示主动）
Eg.getmoving/working
③getsth.done使某事被做（get做使役动词，“使、叫、让”后接复合宾语）
eg.Whenareyougoingtogetyourhaircut?
Imustgetmyhomeworkfinishedfirstbeforegoingouttoplay.
Hegothisfoothurtwhileplayingfootball.
▲getsb.todosth.让某人做某事eg.Iwillgethimtodothework.
▲getsb./sth.doing…使某人或者某物开始…起来eg.Letmetrynow.Iwillgetthecargoing.
▲get+n.+adj.使…成为某种状态eg.Geteverythingready.
★联想：
havesth.done使某事被做havesb.dosth.让某人做某事
“让某人做某事”的表达方法let/make/havesb.dosth.getsb.todosth.
7.getthrough和gothrough区别
getthrough
1.（工作）完成
Whenyougetthroughwithyourwork,let'
sgoout.
你完成工作后,我们出去吧。
2.（测验）合格
Tomgotthrough.
汤姆考试及格了。
3.接通电话
Irangyouseveraltimesbutcouldn'
tgetthrough.
我给你打了几次电话,可是没打通。
gothrough
1.经历
Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.
这个国家经历了太多的战争。
2.被通过
Thenewlawdidnotgothrough.
新法案未能通过。
3.讨论
Let'
sgothroughtheargumentagain.
让我们再来讨论一下这一论点。
4.举行
Theywentthroughthemarriageservice.
他们举行了婚礼。
8.setdownvt.记下，写下，登记；
放下；
让某人下车
eg.Youdon’thavetosetdownallthatyourteachersaid.
Pleasesetyourselfdown.请登记。
Setdowntheheavybagsandtakearest.
Pleasesetmedownatthenextcorner.
9.aseriesof（+复数名词）一连串，一系列，一套
eg.aseriesofquestions/books/pictures
▲seriesn.单复数相同，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于series的单复数。
Eg.Therehasbeenaseriesofcaraccidentsatthecrossing.
Threeseriesofpapersarehandedouttothestudents.
10.onpurpose故意地（反义词组为bychance/byaccident偶然地）
Eg.Everybodycanseethatshediditonpurpose.
▲with/forthepurposeof为了…的目的eg.Hedoesitwiththepurposeofmakingmoney.
11.inordertodosth.（做目的状语,可放在句首或者句中）=soastodosth.（只能放在句中）
Eg.Hestartedearlyinordernottobelate.
Inordertogetupearly,hehadtosethisclockatsix.
12.atdusk在黄昏时刻atdawn在黎明atnight在夜里atmidnight在午夜atnoon在中午
13.inone’spower在某人控制下eg.Hiswifehashiminherpoewr.她妻子控制着他。
14.facetoface面对面地（在句中做状语）eg.Thetwomenstoodfacetoface.
▲face-to-faceadj.面对面的（做定语）eg.aface-to-faceinterview一次面对面的采访
▲联想：
arminarm臂挽臂handinhand手拉手
sidebyside肩并肩shouldertoshoulder肩并肩
hearttoheart心贴心backtoback背靠背
15.nolonger=not…anylonger不再
Eg.Theynolongerlivehere.
Heisnolongerateacher.
Ican’twaitanylonger.
16.settle
（1）.vi.安家，定居，停留
eg.ThefamilyhassettledinCanada.
Thebutterflysettledontheflower.
（2）.vt.使定居，安排，解决
Eg.Theoldcouplesettledthemselvesinthecountryside.
Theproblemhasbeensettled.
▲settledownvi.定居下来；
vt./vi.（使）平静下来
eg.Whenareyougoingtogetmarriedandsettledown?
Theteachertriedtosettlethestudentsdown.
Imustsettledownthismorningandfinishthetermpaper（论文）
17.suffervt./vi.遭受，忍受，经历
（1）.vt.遭受（令人不愉快的事情）（其宾语常是：
pain,loss,defeat,punishment,disappointment,hardship,damage等）
Eg.Duringthewar,hesufferedmuchpain.
Thecountrysufferedaheavylossintheflood.
SichuanProvincesufferedseriousdamagecausedbytheearthquake.
（2）.vi.常用sufferfrom结构，意为“遭受…之苦，患某种疾病”
Eg.Theoldmansuffersfromlossofmemory.
Heissufferingfromabadcold.
18.lonelyadj.（定语或者表语）孤独的，寂寞的（指感情上）；
荒凉的（指地方）
aloneadj./adv.单独的（地），独自的（地）
19.recovervt/vi.痊愈，恢复，重新获得
eg.Heisseriouslyillandunlikelytorecover.
Thepatientrecoveredhishealthquicklyaftertheoperation.（recoverone’shealth恢复健康）Heisstillrecoveringfromhisoperation.（recoverfrom从…中恢复）
Sheseemedupsetbutquicklyrecoveredherself.（recoveroneself恢复过来，清醒过来）Irecoveredmylostbike.
20.get/betiredof对…厌烦
betiredwith/from因…而疲倦
betiredout疲惫不堪
eg.ThoughIamoftentiredfrommyjob,Iamnevertiredofit.Infact,Ilikeit.
Weweretiredoutafteralongwalk.
21.packvt./vi.困扎，包装，打行李
eg.Hepackedhisclothesintoasuitcase.=Hepackedasuitcasewithhisclothes.（packAintoB=packBwithA把…装入）
▲pack（sth.）up将（东西）装箱打包
eg.Doyouneedmetohelpyoupackup?
Hepackedhisthingsupandleft.
22.getalong/onwithsb./sth.与某人相处；
进展
eg.-----HowareyougettingalongwithyourEnglishstudy?
------Verywell/nicely/badly.
Doyougetalongwellwithyouraunt?
23.fallinlovewith相爱，爱上（表示动作，不延续，不能与时间段状语连用）
beinlovewith与…相爱（表示状态）
eg.Theyfellinlovewitheachotheratfirstsight.
Shefellinlovewithmusicwhenshewasachild.
Theyhavebeeninlovewitheachotherfortenyears.
24.disagreevi.不同意
（1）.disagreewithsb.about/on/oversth.在某方面与某人意见不同
Eg.Idisagreewithyouaboutthismatter.
（2）.disagreewith（指事物）与…不一致，不符合
Eg.Hisstorydisagreeswiththefacts.
（3）.disagreewith（食物，气候）不适合某人
Eg.Theclimateheredisagreeswithme.
25.复习agree一词的用法：
agreevt./vi.同意，赞同
（1）.agreetodosth.
Eg.Weallagreedtostartatonce.
（2）.agree+that从句
Eg.Weagreedthattheplanwasagoodone.
（3）.agreetosth.同意某事
Eg.Heagreedtoourplan.
（4）.agreeonsth.指双方就某事取得一致意见或者达成协议
Eg.Thetwosideshaveagreedonthedateforthenextmeeting.
（5）.agreewith
①赞同（后接sb.或者what从句或者表示“意见，看法，观点”的词,eg.opinion,view,idea）
Eg.Iagreewithyou.
Iagreewithwhatyousay.
Iagreewithyouridea.
②（事物）与…一致eg.Hisstoryagreeswiththefacts.
③（食物、气候）适合某人Eg.Ilovestrawberries,buttheydon’tagreewithme.
26.begrateful/thankfultosb.forsth.eg.I’mgratefultoalltheteachersfortheirhelp.
27.辨析：
join,joinin,joinsb.in（doing）sth.,takepartin,attend
①joinsth.指参加某个组织或团体，并成为其中一员。
Eg.jointheparty/army
2joininsth.指参加某项活动。
（也可不带宾语）Eg.MayIjoininyourconversation?
3joinsb.in（doing）sth.加入某人一起做某事Eg.MayIjoinyouin（playing）thegame?
4takepartin指参加群体性活动，并在其中发挥一定作用。
Eg.Doyoualwaystakeanactivepartinschoolactivities?
5⑤attendvt.出席，参加（正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、典礼、葬礼以及上课、上学、听报告等）
Eg.Hewillattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.
attendclasses上课attendschool上学attendalecture听报告
课堂练习：
一．单项选择：
1.Peasantsarelivingacomfortablelifebecauseof________goodharvests
A.aseriesofB.apairofC.asetofD.apieceof
2.Wearelivinga_____lifeinthecountry.
A.stillB.quietC.calmD.silent
3.Thevillageis______whatitlookedlikewhentheysettledtheirhomesthere20yearsago.
A.notanylongerB.nolongerC.nomoreD.notanymore
4.Iraqhas__________toomanywarssince1990,makinghispeople__________alot.
A.gotthrough;
payB.lookedthrough;
face
C.gonethrough;
sufferD.passedthrough;
destroy
5.Itisnotaseriousillness.Iguessshewill______soon.
A.removeB.recoverC.replaceD.reduce
6.－Haveyoufinishedyourexperimentreport,Jane?
－Oh,myGod.I’ve_______forgottenallaboutthat.
A.stronglyB.extremelyC.entirelyD.freel
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