专业四级考前恶补阅读完型Word格式文档下载.docx
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new“superhighways”,thereareoftenolder,___11___
heavilytraveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside.___12___
ofthesearegoodtwo-laneroads;
othersareunevenroadscurvingthroughthecountry.Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh___13___,ordownfrighteninghillsidetotowns___14___
indeepvalleys.Throughtheselessdirectroutes,longerandslower,theygenerallygotoplaces___15___
theairiscleanandsceneryisbeautiful,andthedrivermayhaveachancetogetafresh,cleanviewoftheworld.
1.A.Although
B.Since
C.Because
D.Therefore
2.A.stable
B.splendid
C.smooth
D.complicated
3.A.little
B.few
C.much
D.many
4.A.terribleB.possible
C.enjoyableD.profitable
5.A.to
B.into
C.over
D.by
6.A.lead
B.connectC.collect
D.communicate
7.A.large
B.fast
C.high
D.heavy
8.A.when
B.for
C.but
D.that
9.A.unless
B.if
C.as
D.since
10.A.relatively
B.regularlyC.respectivelyD.reasonably
11.A.and
B.less
C.more
D.or
12.A.All
B.SeveralC.Lots
D.Some
13.A.rocks
B.cliffs
C.roadsD.paths
14.A.lying
B.laying
C.laid
D.lied
15.A.thereB.when
C.whichD.where
Ⅱ
SECTION
A
READINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN.]
Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyfifteenquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.
MarkyourchoiceonyourANSWERSHEET.
TEXTA
Beforethemid1860’s,theimpactoftherailroadsintheUnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedatthisMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;
rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew“endoftrack”becameacenterforanimaldrawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870’sand1880’sandintothe1890’s.Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Thebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelater1860’s,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuildwestwardfromtheCentralPlainscityofOmahatomeettheCentralPacificRailroadadvancingeastwardfromCaliforniathroughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.AlthoughPresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadbillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.TheprimaryreasonwasskepticismthataRailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,andsemiaridplaincouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof“prematureenterprise”,wherenotonlythecostofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivateinvestment.IndiscussingthePacificRailroadbill,thechairofthecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithoutgovernmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisingaventure;
yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWesttogether.
16.
Theauthorreferstotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate1860’sas“limited”because____.
A.
thetrackdidnottakethedirectroutefromonecitytothenext
B.passengersandfreighthadtotransfertoothermodesoftransportationtoreachwesterndestinations
C.passengerspreferredstagecoaches
D.railroadtravelwasquiteexpensive
17.
Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroad
expanded?
Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.
B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.
C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.
D.Therewereinsufficientnumbersoftrainedpeopletooperatethem.
18.
WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainline17?
ToarguethatamoredirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentaken.
B.ToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.
C.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.
D.Togiveanexampleofanobstaclefacedbythecentralpacific.
19.
Theword“subsidy”inline27isclosestinmeaningto
_____.
A.persuasionB.financingC.explanationD.penalty
TEXTB
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?
Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddishbrowntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbershaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintowater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;
itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.
20.
Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumbersimportant?
A.Ithelpsthemtodigesttheirfood.
B.Ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger.
C.Itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud.
D.Itmakesthemattractivetofish.
21.
Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses____.
A.thereproductionofseacucumbers
B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers
C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers
D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence
22.
Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefencemechanismsoftheseacucumber?
A.Theyareverysensitivetosurroundingstimuli.
B.Theyarealmostuseless.
C.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.
D.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.
23.
WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseits
internal
organsintothewater?
A.Atouch.
B.Food.
C.Unusuallywarmwater.
D.Pollution.
TEXTC
Humanbeingshaveusedtoolsforaverylongtime.Insomepartsoftheworldyoucanstillfindtoolsthatpeopleusedmorethantwomillionyearsago.Theymadethesetoolsbyhittingonestoneagainstanother.Inthisway,theybrokeoffpiecesfromoneofthestones.Thesechipsofstonewereusuallysharpononeside.Peopleusedthemforcuttingmeatandskinfromdeadanimals,andalsoformakingothertoolsoutofwood.Humanbeingsneededtousetoolsbecausetheydidnothavesharpteethlikeothermeateatinganimals,suchaslionsandtigers.Toolshelpedpeopletogetfoodmoreeasily.Workingwithtoolsalsohelpedtodevelophumanintelligence.Thehumanbraingrewbigger,andhumanbeingsbegantoinventmoreandmoretoolsandmachines.Thestonechipwasoneofthefirsttoolsthatpeopleused,andperhapsitisthemostimportant.Somescientistssaythatitwasthekeytosuccessofmankind.Since1960anewkindoftoolhasappeared.Thisisthesiliconchip—alittlechipofsiliconcrystal.Itissmallerthanafingernail,butitcanstoremorethanamillion“bits”ofinformation.Itisanelectron