计算机科学导论全英版课后问答剖析文档格式.docx

计算机科学导论全英版课后问答剖析文档格式.docx

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Hardware:

Processesthedatatocreateinformation.

Data:

Consistofunprocessedfactsincludingtext,numbers,imageandsounds.

Peoplearethemostimportantpartofanyinformationsystem.

2.Whatissystemsoftware?

Whatkindsofprogramsareincludedinsystemsoftware?

Systemsoftwarehelpsthecomputermanageitsowninternalresources.Itincludesthreekindsofprograms:

operatingsystems,utilitiesanddevicedriversprograms.

3.Defineandcomparebasicandspecializedapplicationsoftware.Describesomedifferenttypesofbasicapplicationsoftware.Describesometypesofspecializedapplications.

Basicapplicationsarethekindsofprogramstobeconsideredcomputercompetent.

Specializedapplicationsaremorenarrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations.

Basicapplicationshavesometypes,suchasbrowser,wordprocessor,spreadsheet,andsoon.

Alsospecializedapplicationshavemanytypes,someofthebestknownaregraphics,audioandvideo,multimedia,Webauthoring,andartificialintelligenceprograms.

4.Describethedifferenttypesofcomputer.Whatisthemostcommontype?

Whatarethetypesofmicrocomputers?

Therearefourtypesofcomputers:

supercomputers,mainframecomputers,minicomputers,andmicrocomputers.

Supercomputersarethemostpowerfultypeofcomputer.

Mainframecomputersoccupyspeciallywired,air-conditionedrooms,theyarecapableofgreatprocessingspeedsanddatastorage.

Minicomputersarerefrigeratorsizedmachines.

Microcomputersaretheleastpowerful,yetthemostwidelyusedandfastest-growing,typeofcomputer.

Microcomputersarethemostcommontypeofcomputers.

Therearefourtypesofmicrocomputers:

Desktopcomputers,Notebookcomputers,HandheldcomputersandPDA.

5.Whatisconnectivity?

Howarethewirelessrevolutionandconnectivityrelated?

Whatisacomputernetwork?

WhatistheInternet?

WhatistheWeb?

Connectivityisthecapabilityofyoumicrocomputertosharetheinformationwithothercomputers.

Wirelessrevolutiondramaticallyaffectconnectivity.

Acomputernetworkisacommunicationssystemconnectingtwoormorecomputers.

Internetisthelargestnetworkintheworld.

TheWebprovidesamultimediainterfacetothenumerousresourcesavailableontheInternet.

CHAPTER2

1.DiscusstheusesoftheInternet.Whichactivitieshaveyouparticipatedin?

Whichonedoyouthinkisthemostpopular?

ThemostcommonusesoftheInternetarethefollowing:

communicating,shopping,searching,entertainment,education,andsoon.Ihaveparticipatedinalmostallofthem.Ithinkcommunicatingisthemostpopular.

2.Explainthedifferencesbetweenthetwomostcommontypesofproviders.

ThetwomostcommontypesofprovidersareNationalandwireless.

Nationalserviceprovidersprovideaccessthroughstandardtelephoneconnections.

WirelessserviceprovidersprovideInternetconnectionsforcomputerswithwirelessmodemsandawidearrayofwirelessdevices.

3.Whatarethebasicelementsofane-mailmessage?

Atypicale-mailmessagehasthreebasicelements:

header,messageandsignature.

4.Whatissocialnetworking?

Describethethreetypesifsocialnetworkingsites.

Socialnetworkingisthegroupingofindividualsintospecificgroups.Therearethreebasiccategoriesofsocialnetworkingsites:

reuniting,friend-of-a-friendandcommoninterest

Reunitingsitesaredesignedtoconnectpeoplewhohaveknownoneanotherbuthavelosttouch.

Friend-of-a-friendsitesaredesignedtobringtogethertwopeoplewhodonotknowoneanotherbutshareacommonfriend.

Commoninterestsitesbringtogetherindividualsthatsharecommoninterestsorhobbies.

5.Describethedifferenttypesofsearchengines.Givenanexampleofthetypeofsearcheachengineisbestfor.

Therearethreetypesofsearchengines:

crawler-basedsearchengines,metasearchenginesandspecializedsearchengines

Crawler-basedsearchengines,suchasGoogle,createtheirlistingsautomatically.

Metasearchenginesareprogramsthatautomaticallysubmityoursearchrequesttoseveralenginessimultaneously.Themetasearchenginesreceivestheresults,eliminatesduplicates,ordersthehits,andthenprovidestheeditedlisttoyou.oneofthebestknownisDogpile.

Specializedsearchenginesfocusonsubject-specificWebsites.suchasEnvironment.

CHAPTER3

1.Explainthedifferencebetweengeneral-purposeandspecial-purposeapplications.

General-purposeapplicationarewidelyusedinnearlyeverydisciplineandoccupation.Theyincludewordprocessors,spreadsheets,databasemanagementsystemsandpresentationgraphics.

Specializedapplicationincludesthousandsofotherprogramsthataremorenarrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations.

2.Discussthecommonfeaturesofmostsoftwareprograms.Describethenewinterfacetowhat-ifanalysis?

MostapplicationsuseaGUI,usewindowstodisplayinformation,andhavemenustopresentcommands.

3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenafunctionandaformula?

Howisaformularelatedtowhat-ifanalysis?

Aformulaisaninstructiontocalculateorprocess.Functionsareprewrittenformulas.Aformularelatedtowhat-ifanalysisiscalledrecalculation.

4.Whatarepresentationgraphicsprograms?

Howaretheyused?

Presentationgraphicsareprogramsthatcombineavarietyofvisualobjectstocreateattractive,visuallyinterestingpresentation.Peopleinavarietyofsettingandsituationsusepresentationgraphicsprogramstomaketheirpresentationsmoreinterestingandprofessional.

5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanintegratedpackageandasoftwaresuite?

Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesodeach?

Anintegratedpackageisasingleprogramthatprovidesthefunctionalityofawordprocessor,spreadsheet,databasemanager,andmore.Theprimarydisadvantageofanintegratedpackageisthatthecapabilitiesofeachfunctionarenotasextensiveasintheindividualprograms.Theprimaryadvantagesarecostandsimplicity.

Asoftwaresuiteisacollectionofseparateapplicationprogramsbundledtogetherandsoldasagroup.Itissignificantlylessexpensivetobuyasuiteofapplicationsthantobuyeachapplicationseparately

CHAPTER4

1.Describegraphics,includingdesktoppublishers,imageeditors,illustrationprograms,imagegalleries,andgraphicssuites.

Graphicsarewidelyusedtoanalyzedataandtocreateprofessional-lookingpresentations;

Desktoppublishersfocusonpagedesignandlayoutandprovidegreaterflexibility;

Imageeditorsareprogramsforcreatingandeditingbitmapimages;

Illustrationprogramsareusedtocreateandtoeditvectorimages;

Imagegalleriesarelibrariesofelectronicimages.Theseimagesareusedforawidevarietyofapplicationsfromillustratingtextbookstoprovidingvisualinteresttopresentations;

Graphicssuitesaresomecompaniescombiningtheirseparategraphicsprogramsingroups.

2.Discussaudioandvideoeditingsoftware.

Audioeditingsoftwareallowsyoutocreateandeditaudioclips,mostsoftwareallowyoutoaddaudioeffectstoyourtracks.Videoeditingsoftwareallowsyoutoreorganize,addeffects,andmoretoyourdigitalvideofootage.

3.Whatismultimedia?

Howaremultimediapresentationsdeveloped?

Multimediaistheintegrationofallsortsofmediaintoonepresentation.Thecreationofinteractivemultimediapresentationsfollowsseveralsteps:

Plan,Design,CreateandSupport.

4.DescribeWebauthoring,includingWebsitedesignandWebauthoringprograms.

CreatingasiteiscalledWebauthoring.Awebsitedesignisaninteractivemultimediaformofcommunication,designingawebsitebeginswithdeterminingthesite’soverallcontent,theoverallsitedesigniscommonlyrepresentedinagraphicalmap.Morespecializedandpowerfulprograms,calledWebauthoringprograms,aretypicallyusedtocreatesophisticatedcommercialsites.

5.Discussthreeareasofartificialintelligence.

Thethreeareasofartificialintelligencearevirtualreality,knowledge-basedsystemsandrobotics.Virtualrealityisanartificial,orsimulated,realitygeneratedin3-Dbyacomputer.Knowledge-basedsystemsareatypeofartificialintelligencethatusesadatabasetoprovideassistancetousers.Roboticsisthefieldofstudyconcernedwithdevelopingandusingrobots.

CHAPTER5

1.Describesystemsoftware.Whatarethefourtypesofsystemprograms?

Systemsoftwareworkswithendusers,applicationsoftware,andcomputerhardwaretohandlethemajorityoftechnicaldetails.Itconsistsoffourtypesofprograms:

operatingsystems,utilities,devicedriversandlanguagetranslators.

2.Whatarethebasicfunctionsofeveryoperatingsystem?

Whatarethethreebasicoperatingsystemcategories?

Thebasicfunctionsofeveryoperatingsystemare:

managingcomputerresources,providingauserinterface,andrunningapplications.Thethreebasicoperatingsystemcategoriesare:

embedded,networkandstand-alone.

3.ExplainthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenWindows,MacOS,andLinux.

Windowsisbyfarthemostpopularmicrocomputeroperatingsystemtoday.ItcomesinavarietyofdifferentversionsandisdesignedtorunwithIntelandIntel-compatiblemicroprocessors.MacOSisnotnearlyaswidelyusedastheWindowsoperatingsystem.Itisapowerful,easy-to-useoperatingsystemthatispopularwithprofessionalgraphicdesigns,desktoppublishers,andmanyh