高级英语上讲义Lesson15最新Word文档下载推荐.docx
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cheapen使…便宜
②Tobecome:
变成：
redden变红
③Tocausetohave:
使…有：
hearten鼓励
④Tocometohave:
使成为：
lengthen变长
8.connoisseur鉴赏家
9.consummatev.perfect使圆满
adj.尽善尽美的
n.consummation
这个奖是我一生工作的圆满结果。
Thisawardconsummatesmylife'
swork.
10.converselyadv.
adj./n.conversetheconverse=theopposite
他们持相反的意见。
Theyholdconverseopinions.
11.cultn.狂热的崇拜devotion
cultofsb./sth.
cultofphysicalfitness对健美的狂热追求
12.curln./v.使卷曲curlyadj.（头发）卷曲的
13.diffusionn.
通过书本和讲座进行知识传播
thediffusionofknowledgethroughbooksandlectures
v.diffuse
①传播，散布spread
diffuseascent,odor,light,heat,knowledge
Hediffusedhisenthusiasmallaroundhim.他热情奔放。
政党的宣传海报postersdiffusingpartypropaganda
②慢慢扩散
一滴奶在水中慢慢地扩散开去。
Adropofmilkdiffusedinthewater.
14.disharmony—harmony不和睦，不和谐disagreement
Irecognizedthedisharmonybetweenhusbandandwife.
adj.disharmoniousdisharmony—harmony
15.distressn./v.极大痛苦，悲伤，使某人痛苦greatpain,sorrow
Afterawholeday'
swork,theyshowedsignsofdistress.
一天的工作之后，他们显出极难受的样子。
Herdeathisagreatdistresstoallthefamily.
adj.distressful，distressingadv.distressfully，distressingly
v.distress
Iwasmostdistressedtohearthesadnewsofyourfather'
sdeath.
Don'
tdistressyourself.请不要忧愁。
16.expend—expensive—expenditure
I.expendsth.on/upon（doing）sth.花费spend,use
在一项目上花费时间，金钱，精力
expendtime,money,effortontheproject
II.useup,exhaust用光，耗尽
expendallthestores,fuel用光所有的储备和燃料
n.expenditureonsth.
expenditureontheweapons/aproject
把开销限制在必要的范围内。
Limityourexpendituretowhatisessential.
17.gaitn.步态mannerofwalkingorrunning
脚步不稳withanunsteadygait
18.hagridden为噩梦所扰的
19.hair-lotion护发液
20.healthmotor健身器材
21.heredityn.遗传
adj.hereditary
遗传的性格，世代沿袭的信仰hereditarycharacteristics,beliefs
22.hithertoadv.（fml）迄今untilnow
23.hoarding大广告牌
24.indistinguishable不能区分的，难以辨别的
25.ineffectual无效的，徒劳无益的invain，invalid
26.instinctn.本能naturalinborntendencytodosth.
Birdscanflybyinstinct.
haveaninstinctforsurvival有求生的本能
相信你的直觉，嫁给他吧
Trustyourinstinctsandmarryhim.
adj.instinctiveaninstinctivefearoffire天生怕火
本能的反应aninstinctivereaction
adv.instinctively
27.intrinsic内在的；
固有的
28.lamentv./n.lamentfor/oversb./sth.
lamentforadeadfriend哀悼亡友
lamentoverone'
smisfortune悲叹某人的不幸
adj.lamentable惋惜的，可悲的
adv.lamentably
29.listless无精打采的adj.lackofenergy,enthusiasm
Shewasverylistlessafterherillness.她病后懒洋洋的。
adv.listlesslyn.listlessness
30.matron主妇
31.medieval中世纪的
medievally中世纪地
32.mimicmimicked
picnicpicnicked
v./n./adj.戏弄性模仿copy
Tommimickedhisfather'
svoiceandgesturesveryperfectly.
汤姆对他父亲的声音和姿态模仿的惟妙惟肖。
模拟战争mimicwarfare
33.momomaniacal偏执狂的
34.negative—negation—negate
negatev.否定……的存在denyordisprovetheexistenceofsb./sth.
HowcanyounegateGod?
Thesefactsnegateyourtheory,allthetraditionalvalue.
35.patentn./v./adj.专利，专利权，专利证书
obtainapatenttoprotectaninvention
申请专利applyforapatent
专利局patentoffice
专利权所有人patentee
36.perennialadj.长久的，持久的lasting；
反复出现的，多年生长的
adv.perennially
37.preoccupyv.占据某人的思想，使着迷
Healthworriespreoccupiedhimforthewholeholiday.
整个假期他都为健康问题担忧。
adj.preoccupied心事重重的，全神贯注的
HeseemedpreoccupiedallthetimeIwastalkingtohim.我跟他谈话时，他总是心事重重。
38.prodigiousadj.great,gigantic,enormous,numerous
aprodigiousachievement巨大的成就
aprodigiousamountofmoney一笔巨款
adv.prodigiously
39.pronouncedadj.非常明显的verynoticeable明确的
pronouncedlimp/accent
adv.pronouncedly
40.ravishv.使欣喜若狂，使着迷enchant
Iwasravishedbyherbeauty.
adj.ravishingadv.ravishinglyaravishingsmile迷人的微笑
41.refrigerator电冰箱fridge
42.repelv.驱赶，驱逐drivesth.away拒绝，排斥
adj.repellent令人反感厌恶的=repulsive
berepellentto
43.retrenchv.节省，缩减开支reduceexpenses
retrenchone'
sexpenditure减少花费
n.retrenchment
44.simulatev.
I.假装pretend；
simulateanger,joy
II.模仿，伪装
adj.simulated人造珠宝simulatedjewels
45.slender苗条的slim
46.stinkv./n.stinkofsth.发恶臭=smellofsth.
Hishandssmell/stinkoffish.
47.stupidity愚蠢，愚笨
48.sullenness闷闷不乐
49.symptomn.症状signofillness
Thedemonstrationisasymptomofdiscontentamongthestudents.
这次示威表明学生当中有不满情绪。
symptomaticadj.症状的
symptomaticofsth.
Chestpainmaybesymptomaticofheartdisease.
通货膨胀是经济衰退的征兆吗？
Isinflationsymptomaticofeconomicdecline?
50.tidy相当大的，相当多的
51.transfigurev.改变外表changetheappearance
Herfaceistransfiguredbypain/happiness.
n.transfiguration
52.unawareness不觉察，不注意
53.unbearable无法忍受的
bear:
stand,endure,putupwith,tolerate
54.unenviable不值得羡慕的
55.universally普遍地
56.upkeepn.维护，保养preserve,maintenance
Icannotaffordtheupkeepofalargehouseandgarden.
57.vendor小贩
58.virtuous有道德的，正直的
59.wrinkle皱纹
二、Text
TheoneAmericanindustryunaffectedbythegeneraldepressionoftradeisthebeautyindustry.Americanwomencontinuetospendontheirfacesandbodiesasmuchastheyspentbeforethecomingoftheslump—aboutthreemillionpoundsaweek.Thesefactsandfiguresare“official”,andcanbeacceptedasbeingsubstantiallytrue.Readingthem,Iwasonlysurprisedbythecomparativesmallnessofthesumsexpended.FromtheprodigiousnumberofadvertisementsofaidstobeautycontainedintheAmericanmagazines,IhadimaginedthatthepersonalappearancebusinessmuststandhighupamongthechampionsofAmericanindustry—theequal,oronlyjustlessthantheequal,ofbootleggingandracketeering,moviesandautomobiles.Still,onehundredandfifty-sixmillionpoundsayearisatidysum.RathermorethantwicetherevenueofIndia,ifIrememberrightly.
1.slumpn./v.
v.下跌Whatcausedsharevaluestoslump?
n.经济萧条depression,recession
2.substantiallyadv.大量地，可观地greatly,considerably
基本上，大体上essentially
IdonotknowwhattheEuropeanfiguresare.Muchsmallerundoubtedly.Europeispoor,andafacecancostasmuchinupkeepasaRolls-Royce.ThemostthatthemajorityofEuropeanwomencandoisjusttowashandhopeforthebest.Perhapsthesoapwillproduceitsloudlyadvertisedeffects;
perhapsitwilltransformthemintothelikenessofthoseravishingcreatureswhosmilesorosilyandcreamily,sopeachilyandpearlily,fromeveryhoarding.Perhaps,ontheotherhand,itmaynot.Inanycase,themorecostlyexperimentsinbeautificationarestillasmuchbeyondmostEuropeanmeansasarehigh-poweredmotor-carsandelectricrefrigerators.EveninEurope,however,muchmoreisnowspentonbeautythanwaseverspentinthepast.NotquitesomuchmoreasinAmerica,thatisall.But,everywhere,theincreasehasbeenundoubtedlyenormous.
3.transformsth.into把…转变为
4.beyondone'
smeans超出某人的能力范围
Thefactissignificant,towhatisitdue?
Inpart,Isuppose,toageneralincreaseinprosperity.Therichhavealwayscultivatedtheirpersonalappearance.Thediffusionofwealth—suchasitis—nowpermitsthoseofthepoorwhoarelessbadlyoffthantheirfatherstodothesame.
Butthisis,clearly,notthewholestory.Themoderncultofbeautyisnotexclusivelyafunction（inthemathematicalsense）ofwealth.Ifitwere,thenthepersonalappearanceindustrieswouldhavebeenashardlyhitbythetradedepressionasanyotherbusiness.But,aswehaveseen,theyhavenotsuffered.Womenareretrenchingonotherthingsthantheirfaces.Thecultofbeautymustthereforebesymptomaticofchangesthathavetakenplaceoutsidetheeconomicsphere.Ofwhatchanges?
Ofthechanges,Isuggest,inthestatusofwomen;
ofthechangesinourattitudetowards"
themerelyphysical."
Women,itisobvious,arefreerthaninthepast.Freernotonlytoperformthegenerallyunenviablesocialfunctionshithertoreservedtothemale,butalsofreertoexercisethemorepleasing,feminineprivilegeofbeingattractive.Theyhavetheright,ifnottobelessvirtuousthantheirgrandmothers,atanyratetolooklessvirtuous.TheBritishMatron,notlongsinceacreatureofaustereandeventerrifyingaspect,nowdoesherbesttoachieveandperenniallypreservetheappearanceofwhatherpredecessorwouldhavedescribedasaLostWoman.Sheoftensucceeds.Butwearenotshocked—atanyrate.Notmorallyshocked.Aestheticallyshocked—yes;
wemaysometimesbethat.Butmorally,no.WeconcedethattheMatronismorallyjustifiedinbeingpreoccupiedwithherpersonalappearance.Thisconcessiondependsonanotherofamoregeneralnature—aconcessiontotheBody,withalargeB,totheManichaeanprincipleofevil.Forwehavenowcometoadmitthatthebodyhasitsrights.Andnotonlyrights—duties,actuallyduties.Ithas,forexample,adutytodothebestitcanforitselfinthewayofstrengthandbeauty.Christian-asceticideasnolongertroubleus.Wedemandjusticeforthebodyaswellasforthesoul.Hence,amongotherthings,thefortunesmadebyface-creammanufacturersandbeauty-specialists,
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