高中英语 Unit2 Growing pains语法 定语从句讲练2牛津译林版必修1.docx
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高中英语Unit2Growingpains语法定语从句讲练2牛津译林版必修1
Unit2Growingpains
定语从句
（2）
一、“介词+关系代词”结构
1.可代替when,where,why,that等关系词
e.g.Thereisnoreasonforwhich（why）weshouldn’tbefriends.
2.介词后面的关系词不能省略。
e.g.Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuyapiano.
3.that前不能有介词。
4.某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以跟关系副词when和where互换。
e.g.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
二、关系副词的用法
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.
可用onwhich代替
where
地点
地点状语
ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
可用inwhich代替
why
原因
原因状语
Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.
可用forwhich代替
（一）基本用法
关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when,where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。
1.when
在从句中作时间状语。
常用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。
e.g.Aprilthefirstisthedaywhenpeoplemakefunofothers.
=Aprilthefirstisthedayonwhichpeoplemakefunofothers.
2.where
在从句中作地点状语。
常可由inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,onwhich等取代。
e.g.Thisisthehousewherehelivedtwoyearsago.
=Thisisthehouseinwhichhelivedtwoyearsago.
3.why
why在定语从句中作原因状语。
可用forwhich代替。
why不可引导非限定性定语从句，此时可用forwhich代替。
e.g.Thisisthereasonwhyhewentaway.
=Thisisthereasonforwhichhewentaway.
（二）关系副词常可用“介词+关系代词”的结构改写
这里的关系代词只限于which和whom，例如
1IwillneverforgetthenightwhenImetyouforthefirsttime.
=IwillneverforgetthenightonwhichImetyouforthefirsttime.
2ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
3Wedon’tknowthereasonforwhichhesuddenlyfellill.
=Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhesuddenlyfellill.
注意：
并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代。
e.g.Iamveryimpressedbythewayinwhichheworks.
这里inwhich代表的是intheway,在句中作方式状语。
只有当介词+关系代词结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时，才能相应地用when,where和why代替。
（三）如何判断是用关系代词还是关系副词
这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。
前者充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，后者充当状语。
试比较下面两组句子：
1Thisisthefactorythat/whichproducesradios.
Thisisthefactorywhereradiosareproduced.
第一句中划线部分在从句中作主语，故而应选用关系代词：
Thefactoryproducesradios.
而第二句中划线部分在从句中作地点状语故而应选用关系副词：
Radiosareproducedinthefactory.
2Doyourememberthedays（that）wespenttogether?
Doyourememberthedayswhenweworkedtogether?
第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语：
Wespentthedaystogether.而第二句中关系副词作时间状语：
Weworkedtogetherduringthedays.
（四）一些需要特殊记忆的关系词的用法
1.Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhelookatpeople.
当先行词是way时，除了inwhich，还可以用that来引导定语从句。
that还经常省略。
e.g.Judgingfromthewayhewalked,Ibelievehewaswoundedintheleg.
2.Finallycamethedaywhenhehadtoleavehishometown.
当先行词为time,moment,day等，并在从句中作状语时，从句也可以用that引导，that也常省略。
又如：
①Itwasthefirsttime（that）wehadstayedupsolate.
②Themoment（that/when）hesentthemail,Johnrealizedwhatamistakehehadmade.
③ShewastheonlygirlIwentsteadywithduringthefouryears（that/when）Iwasatuniversity.
三、关系副词的省略：
1.thetime,everytime,eachtime,themoment等后的关系副词可以省略。
e.g.Bythetime（when）hewasfourteenyearsold,JimhadlearntmorethantwothousandEnglishwords.
2.在某些表示地点的名词后，关系副词有时也可以省略。
如theplace等。
e.g.Thisistheplace（where）Isawhimlasttime.
3.先行词thereason后面的关系副词可以省略。
e.g.Thereason（why）hecamehereisquiteclear.
4.当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。
e.g.Iknowtheway（that）helearnsEnglish.
四、判断关系代词与关系副词的方法：
1.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面没有宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
判断下列句子的对错
（×）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
（×）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.
（√）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.
（√）I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。
此两题错在关系词的误用上。
2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
答案：
例1D，例2A
例1变为肯定句：
Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.
例2变为肯定句：
Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。
而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。
语法知识拓展
（一）选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整。
1.Hisfatherdiedintheyear_________hewasborn.
2.Heisunlikelytofindtheplace_________helivedfortyyearsago.
3.Doyouremembertheday_________youjoinedourclub?
4.RecentlyIboughtabeautifulvase_______pricewasquitereasonable.
5.Thereason_______Icamehereistogetyourhelp.
6.Igotthebookinasmallbookstore,thenameof______Icannotremember.
7.Iwillneverforgettheday______wefirstmet.
8.Isthisthefactory_______youonceworkedfor?
9.Isthatthereason_______hegaveforhisterriblebehavior?
10.Thekindgirl_______sharedherumbrellawithmethismorningturnedouttobemyboss.
（二）用定语从句合并下列句子
1.Bamboogrowswellintheseplaces.
It’swarmandwetallyearroundintheseplaces.
__________________________________________________________________
2.Shallwegoshoppingthisweekend?
I’llhavefinishedallmyworkbythen.
__________________________________________________________________
3.Sandyisnotaverypopularsinger,becauseofhisstrangeway.
Hedancesinastrangeway.
__________________________________________________________________
4.Isthereanyreason?
Theydon’tagreewitheachotheronanything.
__________________________________________________________________
5.HowcanIforgetthatbirthday?
Iwascaughtcheatingonthatday.
__________________________________________________________________
（三）单项填空
1.DoyouknowthereasonTomdidn’tcomeyesterday?
A.whichB.whyC.whoD.that
2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
3.Isthisthereasonshegavefornotfinishingherhomeworkyesterday?
A.whyB.forwhichC.thatD.towhich
4.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputup______therehadoncebeenatheatre.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
5.Doyouknowthereason______shegotsoangryyesterday?
A.whyB.thatC.whichD.whom
6.Doyoubelievethereason______hegaveforhisbeinglate?
A.whyB.forwhichC.whichD.it
7.Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation______heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
A.whereB.whichC.whileD.when
8.Idon’tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.
A.whichB./C.ofwhichD.bywhich
9.Theoldmantoldus_____thedays______hewaspoorweregone.
A.that,whenB.what,whenC.when,thatD.something,that
10.Ishallneverforgettheday____ShenzhouVwaslaunched,____hasagreat effectonmylife.
A.when;which B.that;which C.which;that D.when;that
11.Iwalkedinthegarden,____TomandJimweretyingabigstringontooneof the trees.
A.which B.when C.where D.that
12.Let'sputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,______theweathermaybebetter.
A.as B.then C.if D.when
13.Wearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneoncomputer.
A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when
14. Winter is the time of year _____ the days are short and nights are long.
A. that B. which C. when D. whose
15.Is there anyone in your class _____ family is in the city?
A. which B. whose C. what D. who
16.Can you suggest a time ______ we can meet?
A. which B. when C. where D. how
17.These days _____ we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.
A. that B. when C. on which D. at which
18.Nearly all the food ______ comes from animals and plants.
A. that eat B. is eaten C. we eat D. that eats
19.This is _____ I can do for you right now.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
20.I can still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the
evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
21.On the train I saw a student _____ I thought was your sister.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
22.Egypt is a country _____ is famous for its pyramids.
A. where B. which C. in which D. at which
23.China is the country _____ he spent the best part of his life.
A. where B. which C. in that D. at which
24.Have you got anything _____ belongs to me?
A. which B. that C. of which D. what
25.Thisisthemagazine_____Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
26.I didn’t like the way _____ she treatedchildren.
A. which B. that C. how D. as
27.Heistheonlyoneofthethree_____gotthenewidea.
A.whohave B.whomhaveC.whohas D.whosehad
28.Theboss_____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.
A.inwhich B.inthat C.inwhoseD.whose
29.Alecaskedthepoliceman_____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.
A.withhim B.who C.withwhom D.whom
30.It was at our college library _____ I borrowed the novel.
A. which B. in which C. that D. where
（四）改错
1.Isthisthemuseumtheonetheexhibitionwasheld?
___________
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