完整版高考语法填空定语从句专项练习学生版Word格式文档下载.docx
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三、定语从句的基本用法:
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who
指人,在定语从句中作主语,有时也作宾语。
TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
分析:
关系词who在从句中作主语。
Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.
关系词__________在从句中作________。
YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.分析:
关系词_________在从句中作________。
Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.
Youneedn’ttalktothepeoplewhoyoudon’tliketalkingto.分析:
关系词______在从句中作________。
2.whom
指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
分析:
关系词_____在从句中作________。
LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.
Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.
你正在等的教授已经来了。
注意:
关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。
Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.
3.whose
通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.
关系词____在从句中作________
Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
译成汉语:
_________________________________
关系词_________在从句中作________。
Ilostthebookwhosecoverwasblue.分析:
Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.译成汉语:
_________________________
注意:
指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?
自己总结一下:
在定语从句中,whose+名词=___________________________
4.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.
Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.
译成汉语:
____________________
Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.
Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
___________________________
Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.
他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
5.that引导定语从句时,既可以指人,也可以指物。
指人时,相当于who或whom;
指物时,相当于which.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
关系词________在从句中作________。
Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
Thepersonthat//youintroducedtomeisverykind.
Theseasonthat/comesafterspringissummer.
YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/_______camefromAustralia.
(二)关系副词引导的定语从句
1.
when
指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
常可以用in/on/atwhich代替。
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.
我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。
Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.
我们团聚的时刻终于到了。
October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
把这个句子改成两个简单句:
___________________________________________
Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.
2.
where
指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
常可用in/on/atwhich代替。
ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.
Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughtagainsttheenemy?
当先行词是situation,occasion,point,case时,且又在从句中作状语时,常用where来引导定语从句。
Sometimesyouwillfindyourselfinasituationwhereyoufeltveryembarrassed
Hehasreachedapointwherenobodycancomparewithhim.
3.
why
指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
常可用forwhich来代替。
Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.
译成汉语:
____________________
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
如:
Iwillneverforgetthemomentwhen(=______________)theblindstudentsmovedus.
Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere(=______________)theylive.
Thereasonwhy(=______________)herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.
四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句举例:
TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.
Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.
非限制性定语从句举例:
Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
LastsummerIvisitedthePeople’sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.
在非限制性定语从句中,有时which所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子。
XiaoLicametoseemeoff,whichwasverykindofher.
Hedidn’tpasstheexam,whichsurprisedus.
五.定语从句考查重点:
(一)定语从句在下列情况下只能用that,而不能用which指物。
(指人时可以用who/whom)
1.当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
2.当先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,much等代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。
HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?
Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupsomeinformationthattheyneeded.
3.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时。
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.
Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.
4.当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
5.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool
Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.
思考:
什么时候只能which而不能用that呢?
1.在___________中;
2.在____________之后。
(二)关系代词的省略:
Thefactorywevisitedyesterdaywasreallyold.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)
ThemanyoujusttalkedtowasmyEnglishteacher.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)
当关系代词在从句中作_________时可以省略。
(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.
=Thisistheboy________________Iplayedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。
We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
=We’llgotohearthefamoussinger________________wehaveoftentalked.ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.
=Themanager________________Iworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.
1.含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,giveup等。
Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.
(正)
ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.
(误)
Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.
Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;
关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。
关系代词是所有格时用whose。
Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.
你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。
Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.
TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.
(正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。
TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.
3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。
Heloveshisparentsdeeply,areverykindtohim.
他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好。
Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,havegonebad.
篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。
Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,arefrombigcities.
我们班总共有40个学生,大多数来自大城市。
Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,areaboutcountrylife.
迄今为止,他写了10部小说,其中3部是关于农村生活的。
(四)当先行词被oneof修饰时,若oneof前有theonly,则从句的谓语动词用单数,没有only的话则用复数。
Heisoneofthestudentswho________neverlate.译成汉语:
________________________
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________neverlate.译成汉语:
_________________
(五)先行词是时间却不用when引导,先行词是地点却不用where引导,先行词是原因却不用why引导。
Iwillneverforgetthedays________weclimbedthemountaintogether.
Iwillneverforgetthedays________wespenttogether.
Wevisitedthehouse_______LuXunusedtolive.
Wevisitedthehouse_______LuXunusedtolivein.