英语论文英汉语言中关于狗的谚语比较研究Word下载.docx
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专业:
学生姓名:
学号:
指导老师:
XX大学制
年月日
Acknowledgements
IamdeeplyindebtedtoJiangZhaozi,mysupervisor,whonotonlyhasgivenmeconstantandvaluableadviceduringmywritingofthisthesis,butalsohasgoneovermydraftsmeticulouslyandofferedcriticalcommentsonthem.Withouthishelp,thethesiscouldneverhavereacheditspresentform.
Mysinceregratitudealsogoestomyteacherswhohavegivenmelecturesandhelp,whichareindispensabletothecompletionofthisthesis.Igivemyheartythankstomyclassmateswhohaveofferedhelpandsuggestionsintheprocessofwritingthisthesis.
Finally,Iwouldliketothankthosecriticsandwriterswhoseessaysandworkshaveprovidedvaluableinformationconcerningthesubjectofmythesis.
Abstract
Proverbisatraditionalproductofculturesindifferentcountries,whichcancreateunexpectedeffectincommunication.Withtherapiddevelopmentoflinguisticstudy,increasinglynumbersofscholarsbegintofocusonthespecialfieldsuchasanimalinordertogetbetterresearchonhumanlanguage.Dog,oneofthemostfavoriteanimalsallovertheworldistheintimatepetorfriendofhumanbeingsandproducesuniquecultureespeciallyonproverbs.Butproverbsaboutdogsfromdifferentcountriesusuallyconveyvariousinformationandconnotation.Therefore,thisthesisistryingtomakeacomparativestudyofEnglishandChineseproverbsaboutdogsincludingthedifferentmeaningsoftheproverbs,somesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwokindsofproverbsandthereasons.FrommystudyIfindthatthedifferenceisnotsomuch.Chineseproverbscontainingdogslaystressontheloyaltytohishost.ButEnglishproverbscontainingdogsemphasizeonthefriendship.TheauthorthinksthatChineseproverbscontainingdogslaystressontheloyaltytotheirhostbecauseoftheinequalitystatusofChinesesociety.Englishproverbscontainingdogsregarddogsasfriendsbecausetheyemphasizeontheconceptofequalityanddemocracy.
Keywords:
dogs;
proverbs;
comparativestudy
摘要
谚语是不同国家的一种传统文化产物,在交际中能够产生意想不到的效果。
随着语言学研究的迅速发展,大量学者开始放眼于特殊领域的研究,比如动物,以求可以更好的进行人类的调查研究。
狗作为全世界最受宠爱的动物,是人类亲密的宠物或者说是朋友,尤其在谚语方面产生了独特的文化。
但是来自不同国家的关于狗的谚语通常传达多样化的信息和内涵。
因此,这篇文章致力于比较研究英汉语言中关于狗的谚语,包括:
此类谚语的不同含义,异同以及产生异同的原因。
通过研究发现汉语与英语对狗的分歧并不是那么大,汉语中强调狗的忠诚而英语中更多强调的是友谊。
笔者认为汉语对狗忠实的强调反映了汉语长时间对人地位不平等,而英语一般强调平等,故视狗为朋友。
关键字:
狗;
谚语;
对比研究
TableofContents
Introduction
Proverbisaculturallysignificantpithysayingwithamoralorpracticalmessage.Simpleandbriefproverbscanachieveprofoundinsignificanceandproducehumorouswit.Invariouscultures,mostproverbsareconnectedtoanimals.Andwecanfindthedifferentattitudestowardanimalsfromtheproverbsoftheirculture.Amongalltheanimals,dogsapparentlyplayanimportantroleinourdailylifesinceancienttime.Therefore,duringthedevelopmentofcultureagreatmanyproverbscontainingdogsareproduced.Incommonviews,dogsaretreatedasthesymbolofloyalty,inferiorityandsnobbery,whichinfactarerelatedtodogs’character.Andinmostcases,peopletendtocriticizepeoplebythedescriptionofdogs.Itisseeminglytotalkaboutdogs,buttherealpurposeistoexpresshumanprincipleswiththeaidsofrhetoricdeviceslikemetaphor,ironyoreuphemism.IaminterestedintheproverbscontainingdogsandIwanttousethisaspectasanentrypointtounderstandthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenAmericanandChineseculturebetter.Moreimportantly,throughthecomparativestudyontheseproverbs,wecanobservevarioussocialphenomena.
However,proverbsfromdifferentcountriesusuallyconveyspecialanddifferentmessagesandconnotation.Forexample,inChinese,theproverbsaboutdogmostlyexpressderogatorysensewhileinEnglish,theproverbsshowcommendatorysense,whichisresultedfromdifferentcultureaboutdogsandtheattitudetowardsdogs.InChina,dogsareconsideredtobethewatchdogs,whichevidentlywilldecidethetragicfateandimageofdogsinourminds.Onthecontrary,inthewesterncountries,dogsarealwaysregardedaslovelyandintimatepetorcompanionespeciallyfortheelders.Sometimes,dogscanevenbetreatedasthefamilymembers,whichundoubtedlymakethewesterndogsownatotallydifferentlifeandstatus.Byfocusingon"
culturallyloaded"
aspectsofthewordsorphraseswhichpeoplefromanothercountryuserequireourspecialattention,whichwouldhelpusdosmoothlyandproperlyininterculturalcommunication.
Thearticlewilldiscusstheproverbsaboutdogsmainlyfromfouraspects.Chapteroneistogiveabriefintroductiontotherolesofdogandthevariousproverbscontainingdogsandpreviousstudiesonproverbscontainingdogs.ChaptertwoistoshowthemethodsandmaterialsofcomparativestudyofEnglishandChinese
proverbscontainingdogs.Chapterthreeistoshowthemajorfindings.ThroughthedetailedanalysisofChineseandEnglishforexamples,wecangetagoodunderstandingoftheexpressiveeffectoftheproverbscontainingdogsandthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthetwolanguage’sproverbs.AndwewillknowthattherewasabitofmisconceptionaboutthecommonconceptChineseandEnglishproverbscontainingdogs.Afteranalyzedthedatareflectedfromtwotablesandcharts.Itrytoexplorethereasonsthatcausethedifferenceandsimilaritiesincludingtheinfluenceoftheculturedifference,fromwhichwecanthoroughlycomprehendtheproverbscontainingdogs.Chapterfouristheconclusionofthisthesis.
ChapterOneProverbsContainingDogsandPreviousStudiesonIt
1.1TheRolesofDogandProverbsContainingDogs
Theroleofdogswithhumansisdifferentindifferentperiods.Intheirearlyroles,wolves,theirdogdescendants,wouldhavederivedsignificantbenefitsfromlivinginhumancamps—moresafety,morereliablefood,lessercaloricneeds,andmorechancetobreed.Humanswouldalsohavederivedenormousbenefitfromthedogsassociatedwiththeircamps.Forexample,dogswouldhaveimprovedsanitationbycleaningupfoodscraps.Therelationshipbetweenthepresenceofadogandsuccessinthehuntisoneoftheprimaryreasonsforthedomesticationofthewolf."
Themostwidespreadformofinterspeciesbondingoccursbetweenhumansanddogs"
andthekeepingofdogsascompanions,particularlybyelites,ithasalonghistory.Theyhaveearnedtheuniquenickname,"
man'
sbestfriend"
becausetheyhavelivedandworkedwithhumansinsomanyroles.Peopleoftenentertheirdogsincompetitionssuchasbreed-conformationshowsorsports,includingracing,sleddingandagilitycompetitions.Thescientificevidenceismixedastowhethercompanionshipofadogcanenhancehumanphysicalhealthandpsychologicalwellbeing.Therearemanydifferencesbetweendogandcatsoranyotheranimals.Haveyouevernoticethatwhenyoublowinadog'
sfacehewillgetmadatyou?
Andhewillstickhisheadoutthewindowifyoutakeitforarideinthecar.Catsaresmarterthandogs.Youcan'
tgeteightcatstopullasledthroughsnow.DogscomeoutinbothChineseandEnglishproverbs.
1.2PreviousStudiesonProverbsContainingDogs
InthegraduationthesisofAComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseProverbsContainingAnimalandPlantWordswrittenbyFengXiaohui.Thereasonwhydifferentpeoplescancreatedifferentmetaphoricalproverbsaboutthesameideahasdiscussedindetail.HemadeacomparativestudyontheRhetoricLevelandontheculturalLevel.Hetriedtofindconnectionsbetweenlanguageandculture.Andhehadnoticedtheeffectofdifferentlivingenvironments,differentlivingstyles,differentreligiousbeliefs,studiesofdifferentvaluesonproverbscontaininganimalsincludingdogs.
InthethesisofEnglish"
DOG"
andChinese"
GOU"
:
ComparisononEnglishandChineseCulturalConnotationsinTermsofAnimalWordswrittenbyYangJing.Hefoundthatthewordsorphrasepeopleuseandthecultureinwhichpeoplelivearecloselyrelated.Connotationsofthewordsorphrasesareingeneralcloselyrelatedtotheculturetheyarerootedin.weshouldbeawarethatthewordsorphraseswechoosetousemayleadtomisinterpretationsandmisunderstandings.AndinthethesisofTheComparisoninthe”Dog”imageintheIdiomsBetweenEnglishandChinesewrittenbyDongXiaojin,hesaidthatdogishumbleinChinese.Itisa
curseifoneusesittodescribehumanbeings.HoweverdogforBritishandAmericanpeople,bothcanbeusedtoguard,hunting;
itcanalsobeseenaspartnerandlove.InthethesisofAComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseIdiomsContainingAnimalswrittenbyDongtao.Inancienttimes,peoplearoundtheworldlivedonfarming;
thereshouldbesomeanimalsincommon,suchascows,horses,rabbits,cats,dogssoon.Thefunctionsoftheseanimalsarequitesimilarallovertheworld.Thus,thereisnodoubtthatsomeoftheanimalshavesamemeaningbetweendifferentcultures.Forinstance:
“Dogeatdog”狗咬狗.DogsarerepresentingofloyaltybothinEnglish-speakingcountriesandChina.TotheEnglish-speakingpeople,dogsareoftenregardedasoneofthebestfriendofhumanbeings.Dogscanbekeptnotonlyaswatchdogbutalsoaspets.Theyarekeptbecausetheyareintelligent,loyal,dependableandbeingabletomakegoodcompanions.Therefore,thedogisusuallyassociatedwithpositivequalitiesintheWest.“Everydoghashisday”,inthisproverbhiswaydoesnotmeancommonbutmeanthedaywhensomeonebecamesuccess.Wecantranslateitas风水轮流转.“Toputthedog”,Itmeansthatsomeonedoesn’tthavelotsofmoneyinpocketwhenheorhermakesthefirstappointmentwithloverheisalsonotdressedsobrightly.Andheorsheborro