英语演讲稿The Great Silent MWord文件下载.docx

英语演讲稿The Great Silent MWord文件下载.docx

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　　ibelievethatoneofthereasonsforthedeepdivisionaboutvietnamisthatmanyamericanshavelostconfidenceinwhattheirgovernmenthastoldthemaboutourpolicy.theamericanpeoplecannotandshouldnotbeaskedtosupportapolicywhichinvolvestheoverridingissuesofwarandpeaceunlesstheyknowthetruthaboutthatpolicy.

　　tonight,therefore,iwouldliketoanswersomeofthequestionsthatiknowareonthemindsofmanyofyoulisteningtome.

　　howandwhydidamericagetinvolvedinvietnaminthefirstplace?

　　howhasthisadministrationchangedthepolicyofthepreviousadministration?

　　whathasreallyhappenedinthenegotiationsinparisandthebattlefrontinvietnam?

　　whatchoicesdowehaveifwearetoendthewar?

　　whataretheprospectsforpeace?

　　nowletmebeginbydescribingthesituationifoundwheniwasinauguratedonjan.20th:

thewarhadbeengoingonforfouryears.thirty-onethousandamericanshadbeenkilledinaction.thetrainingprogramforthesouthvietnamesewasbehindschedule.fivehundredforty-thousandamericanswereinvietnamwithnoplanstoreducethenumber.noprogresshadbeenmadeatthenegotiationsinparisandtheunitedstateshadnotputforthacomprehensivepeaceproposal.

　　thewarwascausingdeepdivisionathomeandcriticismfrommanyofourfriend,aswellasourenemies,abroad.

　　inviewofthesecircumstances,thereweresomewhourgedwithdrawalofallamericanforces.fromapoliticalstandpoint,thiswouldhavebeenapopularandeasycoursetofollow.afterall,webecameinvolvedinthewarwhilemypredecessorwasinoffice.icouldblamethedefeat,whichwouldbetheresultofmyaction,onhim--andcomeoutasthepeacemaker.someputittomequitebluntly:

thiswastheonlywaytoavoidallowingjohnsonswartobecomenixonswar.

　　butihadagreaterobligationthantothinkonlyoftheyearsofmyadministration,andofthenextelection.ihadtothinkoftheeffectofmydecisiononthenextgeneration,andonthefutureofpeaceandfreedominamerica,andintheworld.

　　letusallunderstandthatthequestionbeforeusisnotwhethersomeamericansareforpeaceandsomeamericansareagainstpeace.thequestionatissueisnotwhetherjohnsonswarbecomesnixonswar.thegreatquestionis:

howcanwewinamericaspeace?

　　well,letusturnnowtothefundamentalissue:

whyandhowdidtheunitedstatesbecomeinvolvedinvietnaminthefirstplace?

fifteenyearsagonorthvietnam,withthelogisticalsupportofcommunistchinaandthesovietunion,launchedacampaigntoimposeacommunistgovernmentonsouthvietnambyinstigatingandsupportingarevolution.

　　inresponsetotherequestofthegovernmentofsouthvietnam,presidenteisenhowersenteconomicaidandmilitaryequipmenttoassistthepeopleofsouthvietnamintheireffortsofpreventacommunisttakeover.sevenyearsago,presidentkennedysent16,000militarypersonneltovietnamascombatadvisers.fouryearsago,presidentjohnsonsentamericancombatforcestosouthvietnam.

　　nowmanybelievethatpresidentjohnsonsdecisiontosendamericancombatforcestosouthvietnamwaswrong.andmanyothers,iamongthem,havebeenstronglycriticalofthewaythewarhasbeenconducted.

　　butthequestionfacingustodayis--nowthatweareinthewar,whatisthebestwaytoendit?

　　injanuaryicouldonlyconcludethattheprecipitatewithdrawalofallamericanforcesfromvietnamwouldbeadisasternotonlyforsouthvietnambutfortheunitedstatesandforthecauseofpeace.

　　forthesouthvietnamese,ourprecipitatewithdrawalwouldinevitablyallowthecommuniststorepeatthemassacreswhichfollowedtheirtakeoverinthenorth15yearsbefore.theythenmurderedmorethan50,000peopleandhundredsofthousandsmorediedinslavelaborcamps.

　　wesawapreludeofwhatwouldhappeninsouthvietnamwhenthecommunistsenteredthecityofhuelastyear.duringtheirbriefrulethere,therewasabloodyreignofterrorinwhich3,000civilianswereclubbed,shottodeath,andburiedinmassgraves.

　　withthesuddencollapseofoursupport,theseatrocitiesathuewouldbecomethenightmareoftheentirenationandparticularlyforthemillion-and-ahalfcatholicrefugeeswhofledtosouthvietnamwhenthecommuniststookoverinthenorth.

　　fortheunitedstatesthisfirstdefeatinournationshistorywouldresultinacollapseofconfidenceinamericanleadershipnotonlyinasiabutthroughouttheworld.

　　threeamericanpresidentshaverecognizedthegreatstakesinvolvedinvietnamandunderstoodwhathadtobedone.

　　in1963presidentkennedywithhischaracteristiceloquenceandclaritysaidwewanttoseeastablegovernmentthere,carryingonthestruggletomaintainitsnationalindependence.

　　webelievestronglyinthat.wearenotgoingtowithdrawfromthateffort.inmyopinion,forustowithdrawfromthateffortwouldmeanacollapsenotonlyofsouthvietnambutsoutheastasia.soweregoingtostaythere.

　　presidenteisenhowerandpresidentjohnsonexpressedthesameconclusionduringtheirtermsofoffice.

　　forthefutureofpeace,precipitatewithdrawalwouldbeadisasterofimmensemagnitude.anationcannotremaingreatifitbetraysitsalliesandletsdownitsfriends.ourdefeatandhumiliationinsouthvietnamwithoutquestionwouldpromoterecklessnessinthecouncilsofthosegreatpowerswhohavenotyetabandonedtheirgoalsofworldconquest.thiswouldsparkviolencewhereverourcommitmentshelpmaintainthepeace--inthemiddleeast,inberlin,eventuallyeveninthewesternhemisphere.ultimately,thiswouldcostmorelives.itwouldnotbringpeace.itwouldbringmorewar.

　　forthesereasonsirejectedtherecommendationishouldendthewarbyimmediatelywithdrawingallofourforces.ichoseinsteadtochangeamericanpolicyonboththenegotiatingfrontandthebattlefrontinordertoendthewaronmanyfronts.iinitiatedapursuitforpeaceonmanyfronts.inatelevisionspeechonmay14,inaspeechbeforetheunitednations,onanumberofotheroccasions,isetforthourpeaceproposalsingreatdetail.

　　wehaveofferedthecompletewithdrawalofalloutsideforceswithinoneyear.wehaveproposedtoceasefireunderinternationalsupervision.wehaveofferedfreeelectionsunderinternationalsupervisionwiththecommunistsparticipatingintheorganizationandconductoftheelectionsasanorganizedpoliticalforce.

　　andthesaigongovernmenthaspledgedtoaccepttheresultoftheelection.

　　wehavenotputforthourproposalsonatake-it-or-leave-itbasis.wehaveindicatedthatwerewillingtodiscusstheproposalsthathavebeenputforthbytheotherside.wehavedeclaredthatanythingisnegotiable,excepttherightofthepeopleofsouthvietnamtodeterminetheirownfuture.

　　attheparispeaceconferenceambassadorlodgehasdemonstratedourflexibilityandgoodfaithin40publicmeetings.hanoihasrefusedeventodiscussourproposals.theydemandourunconditionalacceptanceoftheirtermswhicharethatwewithdrawallamericanforcesimmediatelyandunconditionallyandthatweoverthrowthegovernmentofsouthvietnamasweleave.

　　wehavenotlimitedourpeaceinitiativestopublicforumsandpublicstatements.irecognizedinjanuarythatalongandbitterwarlikethisusuallycannotbesettledinapublicforum.

　　thatiswhyinadditiontothepublicstatementsandnegotiations,ihaveexploredeverypossibleprivateavenuethatmightleadtoasettlement.

　　tonight,iamtakingtheunprecedentedstepofdisclosingtoyousomeofourotherinitiativesforpeace,initiativesweundertookprivatelyandsecretlybecausewethoughtwetherebymightopenadoorwhichpubliclywouldbeclosed.

　　ididnotwaitformyinaugurationtobeginmyquestforpeace.soonaftermyelection,throughanindividualwhowasdirectlyincontactonapersonalbasiswiththeleadersofnorthvietnam,imadetwoprivateoffersforarapid,comprehensivesettlement.

　　hanoisrepliescalledineffectforoursurrenderbeforenegotiations.sincethesovietunionfurnishesmostofthemilitaryequipmentfornorthvietnam,secretaryofstarerogers,myassistantfornationalsecurityaffairs,dr.kissinger;

ambassadorlodgeandipersonallyhavemetonanumberofoccasionswithrepresentativesofthesovietgovernmenttoenlisttheirassistanceingettingmeaningfulnegotiationsstarted.

　　inaddition,wehavehadextendeddiscussionsdirectedtowardthatsameendwithrepresentativesofothergovernmentswhichhavediplomaticrelationswithnorthvietnam.

　　noneoftheseinitiativeshavetodateproducedresults.inmid-julyibecameconvincedthatitwasnecessarytomakeamajormovetobreakthedeadlockintheparistalks.

　　ispokedirectlyinthisoffice,whereimnowsitting,withanindividualwhohadknownhochiminhonapersonalbasisfor25years.throughhimisentalettertohochiminh.

　　ididthisoutsidetheusualdiplomaticchannelswiththehopethatwiththenecessityofmakingstatementsforpropagandaremoved,theremightbeconstructiveprogresstowardbringingthewartoanend.

　　dearmr.president:

　　irealizethatitisdifficulttocommunicatemeaningfullyacrossthegulfoffouryearsofwar.butpreciselybecauseofthisgulfiwantedtotakethisopportunitytoreaffirminallsolemnitymydesiretoworkforajustpeace.ideeplybelievethatthewarinvietnamhasgoneontoolonganddelayinbringingittoanendcanbenefitnoone,leastofallthepeopleofvietnam.thetimehascometomoveforwardattheconferencetabletowardanearlyresolutionofthistragicwar.youwillfindusforthcomingandopen-mindedinacommonefforttobringtheblessingsofpeacetothebravepeopleofvietnam.lethistoryrecordthatatthiscriticaljuncturebothsidesturnedtheirfacetowardspeaceratherthantowardconflictandwar."

　　ireceivedhochiminhsreplyonaug.30,threedaysbeforehisdeath.itsimplyreiteratedthepublicpositionnorthvietnamhadtakenatparisandflatlyrejectedmyinitiative.thefulltextofbothlettersisbeingreleasedtothepress.

　　inadditiontothepublicmeetingsthativereferredto,ambassadorlodgehasmetwithvietnamschiefnegotiatorinparisin11privatesessions.

　　andwehavetakenothersignificantinitiativeswhichmustremainsecrettokeepopensomechannelsofcommunicationswhichmaystillprovetobeproductive.

　　buttheeffectofallthepublic,privateandsecretnegotiationswhichhavebeenundertakensincethebombinghaltayearago,andsincethisadministrationcameintoofficeonjan.20,canbesummedupinonesentence:

noprogresswhateverhasbeenmadeexceptagreementontheshapeofthebargainingtable.

　　well,now,whosatfault?

itsbecomingclearthattheobstacleinnegotiatinganendtothewarisnotthepresidentoftheunitedstates.itisnotthesouthvietnamesegovernment.theobstacleistheothersidesabsoluterefusaltoshowtheleastwillingnesstojoinusinseekingajustpeace.

　　anditwillnotdosowhileitisconvincedthatallithastodoistowaitforournextconcession,andournextconcessionafterthatone,untilitgetseverythingitwants.

　　therecannowbenolongeranyquestionthatprogressinnegotiationdependsonlyonhanoisdecidingtonegotiate--tonegotiateseriously.