四级模拟试题Word文档格式.docx

四级模拟试题Word文档格式.docx

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FollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.应试教育现状及其原因;

2.素质教育的优点;

3.你的观点。

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCash

TeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticeDecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInc.,aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,Fla.,dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismore

profitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,Offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingPopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturnstotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtoCOMScoreMediaMatrix,to26.7millionUniquevisitors.Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalHealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.

MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAInc.,paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peopleHavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancial

Certification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,

Advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchto

Payforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothAboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.

Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZippos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission（itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem）,theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1.50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized”content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.

Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,Fla.,leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.

Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.hesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthe

sitecallsHits,forhumanintelligencetasks—payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone’semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.

AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.

Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesite

tohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInc.,forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-type

tasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.

KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,La.,discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplaceto

purchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanical

Turk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation（）,whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit（索求）andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.

Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.

Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.

KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.

“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”

1.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

A）Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.

B）Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.

C）AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.

D）Peopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.

2.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere___________.

A）Peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreely

B）Professionalsandadvisershelpothersforfree

C）Peoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpert

D）Clientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisers

3.Whyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?

A）BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.

B）BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.

C）BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.

D）BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.

4.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?

A）$3to$3.5.B）$10.C）$6.5to$7.D）$5.

5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto_________.

A）Labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph

B）ServeavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed

C）HelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase

D）findsomeone’semailaddress

6.WhatdoesTuckerNationdo?

A）Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

B）Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.

C）Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.

D）Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.

7.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?

A）Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.

B）Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

C）TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.

D）Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.

8.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowto______________.

9.LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualificationsthroughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonits_______.

10.AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom______________.

PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）

■SectionA

Inthissection,thereisapassag