GIS复习题文档格式.docx

GIS复习题文档格式.docx

《GIS复习题文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《GIS复习题文档格式.docx（36页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

指观测值连续的要素

PartⅡ：

ShortAnswer

1.Definegeographicallyreferenceddata.定义地理参照数据

Geographicallyreferenceddataaredatathatdescribeboththelocationsandcharacteristicsofspatialfeaturessuchasroads,landparcels,andvegetationstandsontheEarth’ssurface.

2.Definespatialdataandattributedata.定义空间数据和属性数据

Spatialdatadescribethelocationsofspatialfeatures,whichmaybediscreteorcontinuous.Attributedatadescribethecharacteristicsofspatialfeatures.

3.Explainthedifferencebetweenvectordataandrasterdata.解释矢量数据和栅格数据之间的不同

Vectordatausepointsandtheirx-,y-coordinatestorepresentspatialfeaturesofpoints,lines,andareas.Rasterdatauseagridandgridcellstorepresentthespatialvariationofafeature.

4.Explainthedifferencebetweenthegeorelationaldatamodelandtheobject-baseddatamodel.解释地理相关数据模型和基于对象数据模型之间的不同

Thegeorelationaldatamodelusesasplitsystemtostorespatialdataandattributedata.Theobject-baseddatamodelstoresspatialdataandattributedatainasinglesystem.

5.Howdoesdataexplorationdifferfromdataanalysis?

数据探查与数据分析有何不同

Dataexplorationinvolvestheactivitiesofexploringthegeneraltrendsinthedata,takingacloselookatdatasubsets,andfocusingonpossiblerelationshipsbetweendatasets,whereasdataanalysisusesGIScommandstoperformoperationsondata.

PartⅢ：

Single-choice

1.（TorF）GISsoftwareisonlyoneofthecomponentsofaGIS.

①True√②False

2.Whichofthefollowingfeaturesisadiscretefeature?

①Precipitation②Elevation③Roads√④Noneoftheabove

3.Whichofthefollowingfeaturesisacontinuousfeature?

①Precipitation②Elevation③Landuse④Alloftheabove⑤aandbonly√

4.Vectordataarebettersuitedforrepresenting__________featuresandrasterdataarebettersuitedforrepresenting__________features.

①continuous,discrete②discrete,continuous√

5.（TorF）OnecanusebothvectordataandrasterdatainaGISproject.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?

①ThegeodatabasedatamodelisthenewdatamodelintroducedinArcGIS.

②Thegeodatabasedatamodelusesobject-orientedtechnology.

③ThegeodatabasedatamodelisbuiltonArcObjects.

④Noneoftheabove√

7.Whichofthefollowingrepresentscompositefeatures?

①Polygons②TINs√③Lines④Noneoftheabove

8.Onewouldnormallybeginwith________inaGISproject:

①datadisplay②databaseconstruction√③dataanalysis④dataexploration

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

①Shapefilesaretopology-basedbutcoveragesarenot.

②Coveragesaretopology-basedbutshapefilesarenot.√

③Bothshapefilesandcoveragesaretopology-based.

10.WhichisthesimplestversionofArcGIS?

①ArcView√②ArcEditor③ArcInfo

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

①ArcToolboxisavailableinbothArcCatalogandArcMap.√

②ArcToolboxisonlyavailableinArcMap.

③ArcToolboxisonlyavailableinArcCatalog.

④Noneoftheabove

12.WhichofthefollowingapplicationsinArcGISDesktopisdesignedfordatamanagement?

①ArcMap②ArcCatalog√

13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheSpatialAnalystextensiontoArcGIS?

①TheextensionisavailableinbothArcCatalogandArcMap.

②TheextensionisonlyavailableinArcMap.√

③TheextensionisonlyavailableinArcCatalog.

14.Toopenthecontextmenuofadataset,oneshould______thedataset:

①highlight②right-click√③left-click

Chapter2CoordinateSystems

MapProjections：

ProjectingfromthesphericalshapeoftheEarthtotheplanarshapeofthemap

1.WhyisthedatumimportantinGIS?

大地基准在GIS中的重要性何在？

AdatumisimportantinGISbecauseitservesasthereferenceorbaseforcalculatingthegeographiccoordinatesofalocation.

2.Explaintheimportanceofmapprojection.解释地图投影的重要性

Amapprojectionoffersacoupleofadvantages.First,amapprojectionallowsustousetwo-dimensionalmaps,eitherpaperordigital,insteadofaglobe.Second,amapprojectionallowsustoworkwithplaneorprojectedcoordinatesratherthanlongitudeandlatitudevalues.Computationswithgeographiccoordinatesaremorecomplexandyieldlessaccuratedistancemeasurements.

Single-choice

1.（TorF）AlllayerstobeusedtogetherinaGISoperationshouldbebasedonthesamecoordinatesystem.

2.Mapprojectionisaprocessofconvertingfrom

①athree-dimensionalsurfacetoatwo-dimensionalsurface.√

②atwo-dimensionalsurfacetoathree-dimensionalsurface.

③atwo-dimensionalsurfacetoatwo-dimensionalsurface.

④noneoftheabove.

3.Aconformalprojectionpreservesthepropertyof:

①relativesize②localshapes√③distances④noneoftheabove

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutNorthAmericanDatum（NAD）?

①NAD83isanewerdatumthanNAD27.

②NAD83isbasedonasatellite-determinedspheroid.

③MapsbasedonNAD83canregisterspatiallywithmapsbasedonNAD27.

④Alloftheabove

⑤Onlyaandb√

5.（TorF）WhenconvertedfromNAD27toNAD83,horizontalshiftsofpointpositionsintheconterminousUnitedStatescanbeasmuchas100meters（328ft）.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaboutameridianwithascalefactorof1?

①Themeridianmustbeastandardmeridian.

②Thereisnoprojectiondistortionalongthemeridian.

③hemeridianmustbethelineof00longitude.√

④Noneoftheabove.

7.Thecenterofamapprojectionisdeterminedbythe:

①standardparallelandstandardmeridian

②standardparallelandcentralmeridian

③standardmeridianandcentralparallel

④centralparallelandcentralmeridian√

8.Thesecantcasemeansthatacylindricalprojectionhas_____line（s）oftangency:

①1②2√③3

9.Whichofthefollowingspheroidsisground-measured,ratherthansatellite-determined?

①Clarke1866√②WGS84③GRS80

10.ThelongitudereadingofapointinOregonshouldbeenteredasa_______valueinaGISpackage:

①positive②negative√

①Acoordinatesystemisbasedonamapprojection.√

②Amapprojectionisbasedonacoordinatesystem.

③Mapprojectionandcoordinatesystemareunrelated.

12.EachUTMzonecovers______degreesinlongitude:

①4②5③6√④7

13.ThetwocommonmapprojectionsusedfortheSPC（StatePlaneCoordinate）systemare:

①transverseMercatorandAlbersconicequal-area

②transverseMercatorandLambertconformalconic√

③LambertconformalconicandAlbersconicequal-area

14.ThecentralmeridianofaUTMzonehasascalefactorof:

①1②0.9996√③0.9④Noneoftheabove

15.（TorF）AnX-shiftof-500,000meansyouadd500,000totheoriginalXcoordinatevalue.

①True②False√

16.WhenconvertedfromDMStoDDunits,46030’00’’willread:

①46.30②46.50√③46.70④noneoftheabove

17.Whichcoordinatedoesafalseeastingapplyto?

①X√②Y

18.TheGeographicCoordinateDataBase（GCDB）isadatabasebasedonthe:

①UTM（UniversalTransverseMercator）Gridsystem

②SPC（StatePlaneCoordinate）system

③PLSS（PublicLandSurveySystem）√

19.WhichofthefollowingcoordinatesystemsistreatedasapredefinedcoordinatesysteminArcGIS?

①UTM（UniversalTransverseMercator）②STP（StatePlane）

③IDTM（IdahoTransverseMercator）④alloftheabove

⑤onlyaandb√

Chapter3GeorelationalVectorDataModel

Vectordatamodel：

Usesx,ycoordinatesofpointstorepresentpoints,lines,areas用点的x,y坐标来代表点、线、面

Georelationaldatamodel：

Storesspatialandattributedataseparatelywithalinkinasplitsystem空间数据和属性数据分别贮存在链接的分离系统

Topology：

Explicitexpressionofspatialrelationshipbetweenfeatures要素空间关系的清晰表达

CompositeFeatures：

Featuresrepresentedascompositesofpoints,lines,andareas要素以点、线、面的复合体表示

TIN：

Approximatesterrainwithasetofnon-overlappingtriangles用一系列不叠置三角形近似表示地形

1.NamethethreedataformatsthatESRI,Inc.hasdevelopedforvectordataoverthepast20years.说出ESRI公司过去20多年来开发的三种矢量数据格式

Theyarethecoverage,shapefile,andgeodatabase.

2.Thegeorelationaldatamodelusesasplitsystemtostorevectordata.Whatdoesasplitsystemmean?

地理关系数据模型用独立的系统存储矢量数据。

“独立的系统”表示什么意思？

Asplitsystemstoresspatialdataingraphicfilesandattributedatainarelationaldatabase.Typically,ageorelationaldatamodelusesthefeaturelabelorIDtolinkthetwocomponents.

3.NamethethreetypesofsimplefeaturesusedinGISandtheirgeometricproperties.说出三种GIS中的简单要素及其几何属性

Apointhas0dimensionandhasonlythepropertyoflocation.Alineisone-dimensionalandhasthepropertyoflength.Andanareaistwo-dimensionalandhasthepropertiesofarea（size）andperimeter.

4.ExplaintheimportanceoftopologyinGIS.阐述拓扑在GIS中的重要性

TopologyisimportantinGISfortworeasons.First,itensuresdataquality,suchaslinesmeetingperfectlyandpolygonsclosedproperly.Second,topologycanenhancecertaintypesofGISanalysissuchasgeocodingandtrafficvolumeanalysis.

1.（TorF）TheTIGERdatabaseistopology-based.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthevectordatamodel?

①Themodelusesx-,y-coordinatestostorethegeometryofspatialfeatures.

②Themodelusespoints,lines,andareastorepresentspatialfeatures.

③Therepresentationofspatialf