武汉大学经济与管理学院《西方经济学》试题A卷Word格式文档下载.docx
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15)
2、Supposeaneconomy’srealGDPis$30,000inyear1and$31,200inyear2.WhatisthegrowthrateofitsrealGDP?
Assumethatpopulationwas100inyear1and102inyear2.WhatisthegrowthrateofGDPpercapita?
3、AssumetheconsumptionscheduleforaprivateopeneconomyissuchthatC=50+0.8Y.AssumefurtherthatplannedinvestmentandnetexportsareindependentofthelevelofincomeandconstantatIg=30andXn=10.Recallalsothatinequilibriumtherealoutputproduced(Y)isequaltotheaggregateexpenditures:
Y=C+Ig+Xn.(a)Calculatetheequilibriumlevelofincomeforthiseconomy.(b)WhatwillhappentoequilibriumYifIgchangesto10?
Whatdoesthistellyouaboutthesizeofthemultiplier?
(Score:
4、Whyiseachofthefollowingincorrect?
Statethecorrectproposition.(Score:
a)Marginalrevenueproductiscalculatedastotalrevenueearnedperworker.
b)Undercompetition,workersgetpaidthetotaloutputproducedminusthecostsofrawmaterials.
5、Drawthesupplyanddemandcurvesfortheoilmarket..Nowsupposethataworkableelectriccarshiftsdemandawayfromoil.Drawthenewdemandcurveandthenewequilibrium.Describetheoutcomeintermsofthepriceofoil,thequantityconsumed,andthetotalincomeoftheoilproducers.
6..Usingthesupplyanddemandanalysisofinterest,explainhoweachofthefollowingwouldaffectinterestratesincapitaltheory:
(Score:
a.Aninnovationthatincreasedthemarginalproductofcapitalateachlevelofcapital.
b.Adecreaseinthedesiredwealthholdingsofhouseholds.
c.A50percenttaxonthereturnoncapital(intheshortrun)
7、Whatiscomparativeadvantage?
SupposethatTomproducehalfkilogrambeefandtwokilogrampotatoesperhour.Jerryproduces1.5kilogrambeefand3kilogrampotatoesperhour.Whoshouldproducebeef?
Whoshouldproducepotato?
10)
《西方经济学》(A卷)参考答案2007年7月6日
1.宏观经济学的总供给和总需求模型看起来、听起来都与微观经济学的标准供求模型极为相似,它们是否有联系?
Whatisthedifferencebetweentheaggregatesupplyandaggregatedemandmodelusedinmacroeconomicsandmicroeconomics?
(15分)
答:
1.Theaggregatesupplyandaggregatedemandmodelusedinmacroeconomicsisnotverysimilartothemarketdemandandmarketsupplymodelusedinmicroeconomics.Whiletheworkingsofbothmodels(thedistinctionbetweenshiftsofthecurvesversusmovementalongthecurves)aresimilar,thesemodelsarereallyunrelated.The"
P"
inthemicroeconomicmodelstandsfortherelativepriceofagood(ortheratioatwhichtwogoodsaretraded),whereasthe"
inthemacroeconomicmodelstandsfortheaveragepricelevelofallgoodsandservicesproducedinthiscountry,measuredinmoneyterms.
2、假设某一经济体的实际GDP第一年为3万美元,第二年为3.12万美元。
求实际GDP的增长率?
再假设第一年的人口为100,第二年的人口为102。
求人均GDP的增长率?
(Supposeaneconomy’srealGDPis$30,000inyear1and$31,200inyear2.WhatisthegrowthrateofitsrealGDP?
)(15分)
GrowthrateofrealGDP=4percent(=$31,200-$30,000)/$30,000).GDPpercapitainyear1=$300(=$30,000/100).GDPpercapitainyear2=$305.88(=$31,200/102).GrowthrateofGDPpercapitais1.96percent=($305.88-$300)/300).
Y=C+Ig+Xn.
aCalculatetheequilibriumlevelofincomeforthiseconomy.Checkyourworkbyexpressingtheconsumption,investment,andnetexportschedulesintabularformanddeterminingtheequilibriumGDP.
bWhatwillhappentoequilibriumYifIgchangesto10?
答3:
Answers:
(a)
theequilibriumlevelofincomeforthiseconomyis$450.
(b)IfIgdecreasesfrom$30to$10,thenewequilibriumGDPwillbeatGDPof$350,forwithIgnow$10thisiswhereAEalsoequals$350.Thisindicatesthatthemultiplierequals5,foradeclineinAEof$20hasledtoadeclineinequilibriumGDPof$100.ThesizeofthemultipliercouldalsohavebeencalculateddirectlyfromtheMPCof0.8.
4、Chapter12-question4.Whyiseachofthefollowingincorrect?
Statethecorrectproposition.(Samuelson,18thedition-chapter12,p242.)
c)Marginalrevenueproductiscalculatedastotalrevenueearnedperworker.(MRPistheadditionalrevenueproducedbyanadditionalunitofinput.)
d)Distributiontheoryissimple.Yousimplyfigureouthowmucheachfactorproducesandthengivethefactoritsshareofoutput.(Inputcontributionstoproductionareinterdependent,soitisimpossibletodeterminewhatfactorproducedhowmuch.)
e)Undercompetition,workersgetpaidthetotaloutputproducedminusthecostsofrawmaterials.(Ifallfactorsarepaidaccordingtotheirmarginalproducts,thenthetotalsharepaidtolaborcouldbetotalproductlessthecostofrawmaterials.)
5、(Samuelson,17thedition,p242.)Chapter12-question7.Drawthesupplyanddemandcurvesfortheoilmarket..Nowsupposethataworkableelectriccarshiftsdemandawayfromoil.Drawthenewdemandcurveandthenewequilibrium.Describetheoutcomeintermsofthepriceofoil,thequantityconsumed,andthetotalincomeoftheoilproducers.
Answers5(Samuelson,17thedition,p242.)Chapter12-question7.Thepriceofoilwillfall,asthequantityofoilproducedandconsumedwillfall.Thetotalincomeofoilproducerswillfall.Becausethereisaderiveddemandforgasoline,whenthedemandforgasoline-poweredenginesfalls,thedemandforgasolinewillfall.
6..(Samuelson,17thedition,p285.)Chapter14-question5.Usingthesupplyanddemandanalysisofinterest,explainhoweachofthefollowingwouldaffectinterestratesincapitaltheory:
c.A50percenttaxonthereturnoncapital(intheshortrunandthelongrun)
Answers6..(Samuelson,17thedition,p285.)Chapter14-question5.
a.Theinterestratewouldrisebecausethederiveddemandcurvewouldshiftup,causingamovealongthesupplycurve.
b.Theinterestratewouldrisebecausethesupplycurvewouldshiftinward,causingamovealongthedemandcurve.
c.Theinterestratereceivedbylenderswouldfall,butrateofreturnoncapital(beforetaxesarepaid)wouldclimb.
7、什么是比较优势?
假设张三每小时可以生产1斤牛肉和4斤土豆,李四每小时可以生产3斤牛肉和6斤土豆。
谁在生产牛肉上拥有比较优势?
谁在生产土豆上拥有比较优势?
(10分)
1斤牛肉的机会成本
1斤土豆的机会成本
张三(Tom)
4斤土豆
0.25斤牛肉(0.25=1/4)
李四(Jerry)
2斤土豆(2=6/3)
0.5斤牛肉(0.5=3/6)
李四(Jerry)hasacomparativeadvantageinproducingbeef;
张三(Tom)hasacomparativeadvantageinproducingpotatoes.
《西方经济学》试题(B卷)
2007年7月6日
1、一个厂商的经济利润和会计利润有什么不同?
(Whatisafirm’seconomicprofitandaccountingprofit?
Areboththesame?
Explain.) (10分)
2、宏观经济学中的价格和微观经济学中的价格有什么不同?
3、列出并解释总需求曲线向右下方倾斜的三个原因。
4、汤母和吉米两人开车到加油站,在看油价前,汤母说“我要10加仑汽油”,吉米说“我要10美元的汽油”。
请计算两人各自的需求价格弹性?
(15分)
5、假设某一经济体的实际GDP第一年为3万美元,第二年为3.12万美元。
6、AssumetheconsumptionscheduleforaprivateopeneconomyissuchthatC=50+0.8Y.AssumefurtherthatplannedinvestmentandnetexportsareindependentofthelevelofincomeandconstantatIg=30andXn=10.Recallalsothatinequilibriumtherealoutputproduced(Y)isequaltotheaggregateexpenditures:
(15分)
请从下列两题中任意选择一个图形分析题
7、农业丰收了对农民来说是好消息还是坏消息?
一场摧毁了一半农作物的干旱对农民是一件好事吗?
如果这场干旱对农民是好事,为什么农民不会在不干旱时摧毁自己的农作物?
(Cangoodnewsforfarmingbebadnewsforfarmers?
Howmightadroughtthatdestroyshalfofallfarmcropsbegoodforfarmers?
Ifsuchadroughtisgoodforfarmers,whydon’tfarmersdestroytheirowncropsintheabsenceofadrought?
) (15分)
8、Larry,Curly,andMoeruntheonlysaloonintown.Larrywantstosellasmanydrinksaspossiblewithoutlosingmoney.Curlywantsthesaloontobringinasmuchrevenueaspossible.Moewantstomakethelargestpossibleprofits.Usingasinglediagramofthesaloon’sdemandcurveanditscostcurves,showthepriceandquantitycombinationsfavoredbyeachofthethreepartners.Explain. (15分)
《西方经济学》试题(B卷)参考答案
陈忠斌
afirm’seconomicprofit=totalrevenue-explicitcosts-implicitcosts
afirm’saccountingprofit=totalrevenue-explicitcosts.
宏观经济学中的价格是某个经济体中整个商品和服务的物价总水平;
微观经济学中的价格是指某一具体商品或服务市场的价格,如小麦的价格,猪肉的价格,理发的价格等。
3、列出并解释总需求曲线向右下方倾斜的三个原因。
(1)ThePriceLevelandConsumption:
TheWealthEffect财富效应(ArthurPigou,1877-1959)
Adecreaseinthepricelevelmakesconsumersfeelmorewealthy,whichinturnencouragesthemtospendmore.Thisincreaseinconsumerspendingmeanslargerquantitiesofgoodsandservicesdemanded.
(2)ThePriceLevelandInvestment