武汉大学经济与管理学院《西方经济学》试题A卷Word格式文档下载.docx

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武汉大学经济与管理学院《西方经济学》试题A卷Word格式文档下载.docx

15)

2、Supposeaneconomy’srealGDPis$30,000inyear1and$31,200inyear2.WhatisthegrowthrateofitsrealGDP?

Assumethatpopulationwas100inyear1and102inyear2.WhatisthegrowthrateofGDPpercapita?

3、AssumetheconsumptionscheduleforaprivateopeneconomyissuchthatC=50+0.8Y.AssumefurtherthatplannedinvestmentandnetexportsareindependentofthelevelofincomeandconstantatIg=30andXn=10.Recallalsothatinequilibriumtherealoutputproduced(Y)isequaltotheaggregateexpenditures:

Y=C+Ig+Xn.(a)Calculatetheequilibriumlevelofincomeforthiseconomy.(b)WhatwillhappentoequilibriumYifIgchangesto10?

Whatdoesthistellyouaboutthesizeofthemultiplier?

 (Score:

4、Whyiseachofthefollowingincorrect?

Statethecorrectproposition.(Score:

a)Marginalrevenueproductiscalculatedastotalrevenueearnedperworker.

b)Undercompetition,workersgetpaidthetotaloutputproducedminusthecostsofrawmaterials.

5、Drawthesupplyanddemandcurvesfortheoilmarket..Nowsupposethataworkableelectriccarshiftsdemandawayfromoil.Drawthenewdemandcurveandthenewequilibrium.Describetheoutcomeintermsofthepriceofoil,thequantityconsumed,andthetotalincomeoftheoilproducers.

6..Usingthesupplyanddemandanalysisofinterest,explainhoweachofthefollowingwouldaffectinterestratesincapitaltheory:

(Score:

a.Aninnovationthatincreasedthemarginalproductofcapitalateachlevelofcapital.

b.Adecreaseinthedesiredwealthholdingsofhouseholds.

c.A50percenttaxonthereturnoncapital(intheshortrun)

7、Whatiscomparativeadvantage?

SupposethatTomproducehalfkilogrambeefandtwokilogrampotatoesperhour.Jerryproduces1.5kilogrambeefand3kilogrampotatoesperhour.Whoshouldproducebeef?

Whoshouldproducepotato?

10)

《西方经济学》(A卷)参考答案2007年7月6日

1.宏观经济学的总供给和总需求模型看起来、听起来都与微观经济学的标准供求模型极为相似,它们是否有联系?

Whatisthedifferencebetweentheaggregatesupplyandaggregatedemandmodelusedinmacroeconomicsandmicroeconomics?

(15分)

答:

1.Theaggregatesupplyandaggregatedemandmodelusedinmacroeconomicsisnotverysimilartothemarketdemandandmarketsupplymodelusedinmicroeconomics.Whiletheworkingsofbothmodels(thedistinctionbetweenshiftsofthecurvesversusmovementalongthecurves)aresimilar,thesemodelsarereallyunrelated.The"

P"

inthemicroeconomicmodelstandsfortherelativepriceofagood(ortheratioatwhichtwogoodsaretraded),whereasthe"

inthemacroeconomicmodelstandsfortheaveragepricelevelofallgoodsandservicesproducedinthiscountry,measuredinmoneyterms.

2、假设某一经济体的实际GDP第一年为3万美元,第二年为3.12万美元。

求实际GDP的增长率?

再假设第一年的人口为100,第二年的人口为102。

求人均GDP的增长率?

(Supposeaneconomy’srealGDPis$30,000inyear1and$31,200inyear2.WhatisthegrowthrateofitsrealGDP?

)(15分)

GrowthrateofrealGDP=4percent(=$31,200-$30,000)/$30,000).GDPpercapitainyear1=$300(=$30,000/100).GDPpercapitainyear2=$305.88(=$31,200/102).GrowthrateofGDPpercapitais1.96percent=($305.88-$300)/300).

Y=C+Ig+Xn.

aCalculatetheequilibriumlevelofincomeforthiseconomy.Checkyourworkbyexpressingtheconsumption,investment,andnetexportschedulesintabularformanddeterminingtheequilibriumGDP.

bWhatwillhappentoequilibriumYifIgchangesto10?

答3:

Answers:

(a)

theequilibriumlevelofincomeforthiseconomyis$450.

(b)IfIgdecreasesfrom$30to$10,thenewequilibriumGDPwillbeatGDPof$350,forwithIgnow$10thisiswhereAEalsoequals$350.Thisindicatesthatthemultiplierequals5,foradeclineinAEof$20hasledtoadeclineinequilibriumGDPof$100.ThesizeofthemultipliercouldalsohavebeencalculateddirectlyfromtheMPCof0.8.

4、Chapter12-question4.Whyiseachofthefollowingincorrect?

Statethecorrectproposition.(Samuelson,18thedition-chapter12,p242.)

c)Marginalrevenueproductiscalculatedastotalrevenueearnedperworker.(MRPistheadditionalrevenueproducedbyanadditionalunitofinput.)

d)Distributiontheoryissimple.Yousimplyfigureouthowmucheachfactorproducesandthengivethefactoritsshareofoutput.(Inputcontributionstoproductionareinterdependent,soitisimpossibletodeterminewhatfactorproducedhowmuch.)

e)Undercompetition,workersgetpaidthetotaloutputproducedminusthecostsofrawmaterials.(Ifallfactorsarepaidaccordingtotheirmarginalproducts,thenthetotalsharepaidtolaborcouldbetotalproductlessthecostofrawmaterials.)

5、(Samuelson,17thedition,p242.)Chapter12-question7.Drawthesupplyanddemandcurvesfortheoilmarket..Nowsupposethataworkableelectriccarshiftsdemandawayfromoil.Drawthenewdemandcurveandthenewequilibrium.Describetheoutcomeintermsofthepriceofoil,thequantityconsumed,andthetotalincomeoftheoilproducers.

Answers5(Samuelson,17thedition,p242.)Chapter12-question7.Thepriceofoilwillfall,asthequantityofoilproducedandconsumedwillfall.Thetotalincomeofoilproducerswillfall.Becausethereisaderiveddemandforgasoline,whenthedemandforgasoline-poweredenginesfalls,thedemandforgasolinewillfall.

6..(Samuelson,17thedition,p285.)Chapter14-question5.Usingthesupplyanddemandanalysisofinterest,explainhoweachofthefollowingwouldaffectinterestratesincapitaltheory:

c.A50percenttaxonthereturnoncapital(intheshortrunandthelongrun)

Answers6..(Samuelson,17thedition,p285.)Chapter14-question5.

a.Theinterestratewouldrisebecausethederiveddemandcurvewouldshiftup,causingamovealongthesupplycurve.

b.Theinterestratewouldrisebecausethesupplycurvewouldshiftinward,causingamovealongthedemandcurve.

c.Theinterestratereceivedbylenderswouldfall,butrateofreturnoncapital(beforetaxesarepaid)wouldclimb.

7、什么是比较优势?

假设张三每小时可以生产1斤牛肉和4斤土豆,李四每小时可以生产3斤牛肉和6斤土豆。

谁在生产牛肉上拥有比较优势?

谁在生产土豆上拥有比较优势?

(10分)

1斤牛肉的机会成本

1斤土豆的机会成本

张三(Tom)

4斤土豆

0.25斤牛肉(0.25=1/4)

李四(Jerry)

2斤土豆(2=6/3)

0.5斤牛肉(0.5=3/6)

李四(Jerry)hasacomparativeadvantageinproducingbeef;

张三(Tom)hasacomparativeadvantageinproducingpotatoes.

《西方经济学》试题(B卷)

2007年7月6日

1、一个厂商的经济利润和会计利润有什么不同?

(Whatisafirm’seconomicprofitandaccountingprofit?

Areboththesame?

Explain.) (10分)

2、宏观经济学中的价格和微观经济学中的价格有什么不同?

3、列出并解释总需求曲线向右下方倾斜的三个原因。

4、汤母和吉米两人开车到加油站,在看油价前,汤母说“我要10加仑汽油”,吉米说“我要10美元的汽油”。

请计算两人各自的需求价格弹性?

(15分)

5、假设某一经济体的实际GDP第一年为3万美元,第二年为3.12万美元。

6、AssumetheconsumptionscheduleforaprivateopeneconomyissuchthatC=50+0.8Y.AssumefurtherthatplannedinvestmentandnetexportsareindependentofthelevelofincomeandconstantatIg=30andXn=10.Recallalsothatinequilibriumtherealoutputproduced(Y)isequaltotheaggregateexpenditures:

 (15分)

请从下列两题中任意选择一个图形分析题

7、农业丰收了对农民来说是好消息还是坏消息?

一场摧毁了一半农作物的干旱对农民是一件好事吗?

如果这场干旱对农民是好事,为什么农民不会在不干旱时摧毁自己的农作物?

(Cangoodnewsforfarmingbebadnewsforfarmers?

Howmightadroughtthatdestroyshalfofallfarmcropsbegoodforfarmers?

Ifsuchadroughtisgoodforfarmers,whydon’tfarmersdestroytheirowncropsintheabsenceofadrought?

) (15分)

8、Larry,Curly,andMoeruntheonlysaloonintown.Larrywantstosellasmanydrinksaspossiblewithoutlosingmoney.Curlywantsthesaloontobringinasmuchrevenueaspossible.Moewantstomakethelargestpossibleprofits.Usingasinglediagramofthesaloon’sdemandcurveanditscostcurves,showthepriceandquantitycombinationsfavoredbyeachofthethreepartners.Explain. (15分)

《西方经济学》试题(B卷)参考答案

陈忠斌

afirm’seconomicprofit=totalrevenue-explicitcosts-implicitcosts

afirm’saccountingprofit=totalrevenue-explicitcosts.

宏观经济学中的价格是某个经济体中整个商品和服务的物价总水平;

微观经济学中的价格是指某一具体商品或服务市场的价格,如小麦的价格,猪肉的价格,理发的价格等。

3、列出并解释总需求曲线向右下方倾斜的三个原因。

(1)ThePriceLevelandConsumption:

TheWealthEffect财富效应(ArthurPigou,1877-1959)

Adecreaseinthepricelevelmakesconsumersfeelmorewealthy,whichinturnencouragesthemtospendmore.Thisincreaseinconsumerspendingmeanslargerquantitiesofgoodsandservicesdemanded. 

(2)ThePriceLevelandInvestment

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