句子成分的讲解Word格式.docx
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示动作发生的时间,地点,原
因,目的,方式,结果等
副词,介词短语或句
子
Heworksveryhard.
TheyheldapartyinHollywood.
宾语
补足语
逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
形容词,名词,介词
短语等
Shealwayskeepsthehouse
clean.
主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!
另外注意代词:
1、人称代词(主格与宾格)
数
单数
复数
格
主格
宾格
主格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
them
例句:
(主格)作主语:
1.Youhavetowritealettertoyourteachertoday.
2.Theygotothemuseumonceayear.
(宾格)作宾语–接在动词或介词之后
Isawthemonmywaytoschool.
Myfriendwillgoshoppingwithme.
Practice:
1、Thewoman______mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.
AwhoBtowhomCtowhoDwhom
2、Theboy_____wasbittenbysnakeisnowinhospital.
AwhoBheCwhomDhim
2、物主代词(名词性和形容词性) 形容词性物主代词:
用做定语。
名词性物主代词:
单独使用,可用做主语、表语和宾语。
人称
形容词性
名词性
单复数
单数
my
our
mine
ours
your
yours
His/her/its
their
His/hers/its
theirs
1、形容词性物主代词(形容词性物主代词只用作定语修饰名词,不能单独使用)
Isthisyourcar?
Thegovernmenthaschangeditspolicy.
Wemustpreserveournaturalenvironment.
2、名词性物主代词(名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词)
Hisbikeisblack.Mineisblue.Mine=mybike
Thathatonthedeskisnotmine.It’syours.Yours=yourhat
Myshirtisonthebed,andyoursisonthechair.Yours=yourshirt
Thisisnotmybook.It’shis.His=hisbook
用适当的人称代词填空:
1.
__________
is
my
aunt.
We
often
visit
__________.(she)
2.
China
a
developing
country.
_________is
in
the
east
of
Asia.(its)
3.
What
day
today?
4.
I
own
blue
bike.
The
red
one
isn’t
__________.(I)
5.
These
new
houses
are
so
nice.
very
expensive.(them)
6.
fishermen
caught
lot
fish,
didn’t
__________?
(them)
7.
Ling
girl.
____
studies
primary
school.
1、Thiscomputeris___,imustlookafter__computer.
Amy;
mineBmine;
mineCmine;
myDmy;
my
2、Isthisnewbag___?
Noit’s___.
Ahis;
heBhis;
herscyours;
myDhers;
your
3、
__cameraisnotsoexpensiveas___
butitworkswell,too.
A,My;
his
B.Mine;
him
C.My;
D.Mine;
his
4、IsTomafriendofyours?
Yesheisafriendof___.
A.IB.meC.myD.mine
3、反身代词简单地说,表示某人自己的代词就叫做“反身代词”。
代词+self表示
反身代词基本形式
I--------myselfyou--------yourselfhe-------himselfshe------------herselfit--------itself
We-----ourselvesthey------themselvesyou------yourselves
反身代词的句法功能:
1.用作同位语
Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.箱子本身并不重。
Martinhimselfattendedthesickman.马丁亲自照顾病人。
2.用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):
Takegoodcareofyourself.照顾好自己。
Hehasarighttodecideforhimself.他有权为自己做出决定。
Hemadenocomplaintforhimself.
他没为自己抱怨什么。
3.用作表语
Thepoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
Theoneswhoreallywantitareourselves.真正想要它的是我们自己。
(You)________saidso..你自己是这样说的。
Neverleavetootherswhatyououghttodo________(you)不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。
Shefinallygainedcontrolof__________(she).最后她控制住了自己。
Shecouldnotmake________(she)understood.她不能使别人听懂她的话。
Ourneighborgave____ababybirdthathurt___whenitfellfromitsnest.
Aus;
itBus;
itselfCourselves;
itselfDourselves;
it
三、主语:
主语(Subject)
表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:
分析句子什么词性充当主语
1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.
2.Wearetalkingloudlyintheclassroom.
3.Hundredsofpeoplearewillingtotakepartinthisactivity.
4.Toswimmingintheriverisagreatpleasure.
5.Smokingdoesharmtohealth.
6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.
7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
8.TheladystandingthereisMaria’sEnglishteacher.
四、谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.
(2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
DoyouspeakEnglish?
Theyareworkinginafield.
Hehascaughtabadcold.
(3)由系动词加表语构成。
Wearestudents.
注意:
谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
五、宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
分析句子什么词性充当宾语
1.Heisdoinghishomework.
2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.
3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?
Ihavefive.
4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.
5.Hewantedtobuythecamera.
6.Ipracticedoingexercisestokeepfit.
7.Ithink(that)wecanhaveapicnichere.
宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
To:
write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如:
HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.
For:
leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:
Sheboughtagiftforhermother.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
下列动词只能接不定式做宾语
ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等,
下列动词只能接动名词做宾语
admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等,
下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但意义不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。
forgettodo表示“未发生的动作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”。
Don'
tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来)
Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(书已还给他了)
六、定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。
定语可由以下等成分表示:
1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;
Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)
3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名词)(数词)
4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)
5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)
7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
9.Sheisthegirlwhoisthetallestpeopleinourclass.(定语从句)
七、状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语(Adverbial)。
可由以下形式表示:
1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
2.I
come
specially
to
see
you.(不定式作定语)
3.The
boy
was
praised
for
his
bravery.
(介词短语for
bravery在句中作原因状语)
4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)
5.Hecanwalkalldayandhedoesn’tfeeltired.
6.WhenIwenttosleep,someoneknockedatthedoor.
9种状语种类如下:
1.Themeetingbeginsat8:
00am.
2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.
3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.
4.MrSmithlivesinGuangzhou.
5.Iwenthomebybustoday.
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.
6.InordertowatchtheTVshow,Ihavetogohomeearlier.
7.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.
八、宾语补足语
宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分,通常置于宾语之后。
宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语。
能带宾语补足语结构的
动词一定是及物动词。
常见的宾补:
1、名词做宾补
Shefoundhimaverycleverboy.
TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.
常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:
call,name,elect,make,think,conside,find等。
2、形容词做宾补
Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.
We’dbetterleavethedooropen.
常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:
keep,make,find,have,leave,paint等。
3.副词做宾补(表位置移动或状态的副词)
Theyfoundhimout.
Leavethelightson.
4.介词短语做宾补(keep,find,leave,make等)
Thepolicefoundtheboyinawoodenhouse.
5.分词做宾补
现在分词v-ing形式和宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系(主动),并且表示宾语正在进行的动作。
Isawalittlegirldancingunderthetree.
过去分词:
done形式和宾语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系(被动),并且表示宾语的动作已经完成。
Whenwegotthere,wefoundthedoorlocked.
常见的用现在分词做宾补的动词有:
have,make,get,keep等。
6.不定式做宾补
Iaskedhimtobuyapresentforme.
后面常接动词不定式做宾补的动词:
ask,get,tell,teach,want,wish,prefer,allow,mean等。
后接省略to的不定式的动词:
使役动词:
let,have,make感官动词:
see,watch,notice,hear
Isawhercleanthewindowjustnow.
Motherhadhersondohishomework.
注意和双宾语区别:
(当宾补是名词时)
Theyhavemademechairman.宾补
Theyhavemademeanicechair.宾语
1、双宾语通常是一个指人,一个指物。
2、宾语和补足语指的是同一事物,双宾语的两个宾语指的是不同事物。
单项选择
1.Tellhim_____thewindow
A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut
2.----There’saholeinyourbag.
----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.
A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended
3.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.
A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open