句子成分的讲解Word格式.docx

1、示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句子 He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood. 宾语补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词短语等 She always keeps the house clean. 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 另外注意代词：1、 人称代词 （主格与宾格）数单数复数格主格宾格主格第一人称I meweus第二人称you you第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritthem 例句：（主格） 作主语：1. You have to w

2、rite a letter to your teacher today.2. They go to the museum once a year.（宾格） 作宾语 接在动词或介词之后I saw them on my way to school.My friend will go shopping with me.Practice：1、The woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher.A who B to whom C to who D whom2、The boy _was bitten by snake is now in hospital.A

3、 who B he C whom D him2、物主代词（名词性和形容词性）形容词性物主代词:用做定语。名词性物主代词: 单独使用，可用做主语、表语和宾语。人称形容词性名词性单复数单数my ourmine oursyouryoursHis/her/itstheirHis/hers/itstheirs1 、形容词性物主代词 （形容词性物主代词只用作定语修饰名词， 不能单独使用）Is this your car?The government has changed its policy.We must preserve our natural environment.2 、名词性物主代词 （名词性

4、物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词）His bike is black. Mine is blue. Mine=my bikeThat hat on the desk is not mine. Its yours. Yours=your hatMy shirt is on the bed, and yours is on the chair. Yours=your shirtThis is not my book. Its his. His =his book用适当的人称代词填空：1._ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit_. （ she ）2. Chinaadevelopingcou

5、ntry._isintheeastofAsia. （ its ）3.Whatdaytoday?4.Iownbluebike.Theredoneisnt_. （ I ）5.Thesenewhousesaresonice.veryexpensive.（ them ）6.fishermencaughtlotfish,didnt_? （ them ）7.Linggirl._studiesprimaryschool.1 、This computer is _,i must look after_ computer.A my ;mine B mine ; mine C mine; my D my; my2

6、、Is this new bag_?No its _.A his; he B his; hers c yours; my D hers; your3、_ camera is not so expensive as_,but it works well, too. A, My; his B. Mine; him C. My;D. Mine; his4、Is Tom a friend of yours? Yes he is a friend of _.A. I B. me C. my D .mine3、反身代词 简单地说，表示某人自己的代词就叫做“反身代词”。 代词+self 表示反身代词基本形式

7、I-myself you-yourself he-himself she-herself it-itselfWe-ourselves they-themselves you-yourselves反身代词的句法功能：1. 用作同位语The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。2. 用作宾语（动词或介词的宾语）：Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出

8、决定。He made no complaint for himself. 他没为自己抱怨什么。3. 用作表语The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。（You） _said so. . 你自己是这样说的。Never leave to others what you ought to do _（you） 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。She finally gained control of_（she）. 最后她控制住了自己。She could not

9、make _（she） understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。Our neighbor gave _a baby bird that hurt _when it fell from its nest.A us; it B us ; itself C ourselves; itself D ourselves; it三、主语：主语 （Subject） 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事，是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表

10、示。例如：分析句子什么词性充当主语1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2. We are talking loudly in the classroom.3. Hundreds of people are willing to take part in this activity.4. To swimming in the river is a great pleasure.5. Smoking does harm to health.6. The rich should h

11、elp the poor. 7. It is necessary to master a foreign language.8. The lady standing there is Marias English teacher.四、谓语（Predicate） 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。 You may k

12、eep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。 Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。 We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。五、宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。分析句子什么词性充当宾语1. He is doing his homework.2. The heavy rain prevented me from comin

13、g to school on time. 3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5. He wanted to buy the camera.6. I practice doing exercises to keep fit.7. I think （that）we can have a picnic here.宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.

14、To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如：He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：She bought a gift for her mother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask

15、, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，下列动词只能接动名词做宾语admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如mean, tr

16、y, remember, forget, regret等。forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.（还没来）I forgot returning the book to him.（书已还给他了）六、定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语（Attribute）。定语可由以下等成分表示：1. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）2. China is a developing country; America is a develo

17、ped country.（分词） 3. There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）（数词）4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短语）6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）7. He is reading an article about how to lear

18、n English.（介词短语）9. She is the girl who is the tallest people in our class . （定语从句）七、状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示 ：1. Light travels most quickly. （副词及副词性词组）2. Icomespeciallytoseeyou.（不定式作定语）3. Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery.（介词短语 forbravery在句中作原因状语）4 . He is in the room m

19、aking a model plane. （分词短语） 5. He can walk all day and he doesnt feel tired.6. When I went to sleep, someone knocked at the door.9种状语种类如下：1. The meeting begins at 8:00am.2. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 3. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4. Mr Smith lives in Gua

20、ngzhou. 5. I went home by bus today. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 6.In order to watch the TV show, I have to go home earlier. 7. She works very hard though she is old.八、宾语补足语宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分,通常置于宾语之后。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语。能带宾语补足语结构的动词一定是及物动词。 常见的宾补:1、名词做宾补 She found him a very clever boy. They n

21、amed their daughter Jenny.常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, elect, make, think, conside, find等。2、 形容词做宾补 You should keep your room clean and tidy. Wed better leave the door open.常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:keep, make, find, have, leave, paint等。3. 副词做宾补 （表位置移动或状态的副词）They found him out.Leave the lights on. 4. 介词短语做宾补

22、（keep, find, leave, make等）The police found the boy in a wooden house.5. 分词做宾补现在分词 v - ing 形式和宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），并且表示宾语正在进行的动作。I saw a little girl dancing under the tree.过去分词 : done形式和宾语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系（被动），并且表示宾语的动作已经完成。When we got there, we found the door locked.常见的用现在分词做宾补的动词有：have, make,get,keep等。6

23、. 不定式做宾补I asked him to buy a present for me.后面常接动词不定式做宾补的动词：ask,get, tell, teach, want，wish, prefer, allow,mean等。后接省略 to 的不定式的动词：使役动词：let, have, make 感官动词:see ,watch, notice, hearI saw her clean the window just now.Mother had her son do his homework. 注意和双宾语区别：（当宾补是名词时） They have made me chairman. 宾补

24、 They have made me a nice chair.宾语 1、双宾语通常是一个指人，一个指物。2、宾语和补足语指的是同一事物，双宾语的两个宾语指的是不同事物。单项选择1. Tell him _ the windowA. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut2. -Theres a hole in your bag.- I know, Im going to have it _.A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended3. I found the door _ when I got home.A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open