上海市黄浦区届高三英语一模Word格式.docx

上海市黄浦区届高三英语一模Word格式.docx

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Directions：

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;

fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

JustHowBuggyisYourPhone?

Whatiteminyourhomecrawlswiththemostgerms?

Ifyousay___21___toiletseat,you’rewrong.Kitchenspongestopthelist.Butcellphonesareprettydirtytoo.Theycontainaround10timesasmanygermsastoiletseats.Peopletouchtheirphones,laptops,andotherdigitaldevicesalldaylong,yetrarelycleanthem.

Inoneincident,athiefpaidaterriblepriceforstealingagermycellphone.HestoleitfromahospitalinUgandaduringawidespreadofthedeadlydiseaseEbola.Thephone’sownerreportedthetheftbefore___22___（die）fromthedisease.Soon,thethiefbeganshowingsymptomsandfinally___23___（confess）tothecrime.

___24___inthatunusualcaseacellphonecarrieddangerousbacteria,notallgermsarebad.Mostcausenoharm.Infact,theycouldprovidehelpfulinformation.Lookatthesurfaceofyourphonecarefully.Doyouseesomedirtymars?

“That'

sallyou,”saysmicrobialecologistJarradHampton-Marcell.“That’sbiologicalinformation.”

Itturnsoutthatthetypesofgermsthatyouapplyalloveryourphoneortabletaredifferentfrom___25___ofyourfriendsandfamily.They’relikeafingerprintthatcouldidentifyyou.Somedayinthefuture,investigatorsmayusethesemicrobialfingerprintstosolvecrimes.Phonesanddigitaldevicesmaybeoneofthebestplacestolookforbuggyclues.

Ina2017study,researcherssampledarangeofsurfacesin22participants’homes,___26___countertopsandfloorstocomputerkeyboardsandmice.Thentheytriedtomatchthemicrobialfingerprintsoneachobjecttoitsowner.Theofficeequipmentwaseasiesttomatchtoitsowner.Inan___27___（early）study,adifferentgroupofresearchersfoundthattheycouldusemicrobialfingerprintstoidentifythepersonwho___28___（use）acomputerkeyboardevenafterthekeyboardsatuntouchedfortwoweeksatroomtemperature.

Oneday,microbialsignaturesmightshow___29___peoplehavegoneandwhattheyhavetouched.Theycouldprove___30___anunmarkeddeviceisyours.So,sure,yourphoneisprettygermy.Doesthatinspireyou,ordoesitjustbotheryou?

SectionB

Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.measurementB.similarC.remarkablyD.monetaryE.astronomyF.altered

G.civilizationH.definedI.independenceJ.invariablyK.dominated

TheNile

TheancientGreekwriterHerodotusoncedescribedEgypt-withsomeenvy-as‘thegiftoftheNile’.TheEgyptiansdependontheriverforfood,forwaterandforlife.TheAncientEgyptianswereabletocontrolandusetheNile,creatingtheearliestirrigationsystemsanddevelopingaprosperous___31___.

Snakingthroughthedeserts,theNilewouldfloodalmost___32___eachyearinJune.Oncethewatersubsided,arichdepositofsandwasleftbehind,makinganexcellenttopaoil.Seedsweresown,yieldingwheat,barley,beans,lentilsandleeks.DroughtcouldspelldisasterfortheEgyptians,soduringthedryseasons,theydugbasinsandchannelstodeliverwatertotheirland.Theyalsodevisedsimplechannelstotransferwateratthepeakoftheflood.

Anearlysystemof___33___aNilometer,wasusedtodeterminethesizeofthefloods.Later,duringtheNewKingdom,aliftingsystemcalledashadufwasusedtoraisewaterfromtheriver--___34___tothewayinwhichawellisusedtoday.

TheEgyptianstookupsomeoftheearliesttradingmissions.Withouta（n）___35___systemtheyexchangedgoods,bringingbacktimber,preciousstones,pottery,spicesandanimals.Theireffortsinmedicinewerealso___36___advanced:

surgeonsperformedoperationstoremovecysts（囊肿）.Mummificationgavethemgreatunderstandingofthehumanbody-yettheyalsoreliedheavilyonvariousmedicinestopreventdisease,anddiscoverieswereoftenconfusedwithsuperstition（迷信）.Andwhileagreatdealoftimewasdedicatedto___37___theEgyptiansthoughtthestarsweregods.

Bythe16thcenturyEgyptwasundertheOttomanEmpireuntilBritainseizedcontrolin1882.WhatisnowmostlyArabicEgyptonlywon___38___fromBritainafterWorldWarⅡ.TheSuezCanal,openedin1869,__________thecountryasacenterforworldtransportation.Butit,andthecompletionoftheAswanHighDamin1971___40___theecologyoftheNile,whichnowstrugglestosatisfythecountry’srapidlygrowingpopulation,currentlymorethan76million-thelargestintheArabworld.

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

KeepingTheTapsRunninginThirstyCities

Watercovers71%ofEarth’ssurfaceyetonly2%ofitisaccessibleasasourceoffreshwater.___41___onthislimitedresourcesisrising,atrendlikelytocontinue.

Itisimportanttorecognizethatitisnotjustcityresidentswho___42___water.Agriculture,industryandtourismoftenrequiremorewaterthanthemunicipalwatersupply.Globally,70%offreshwateris___43___foragriculture,butlocallyinheavilyirrigated（灌溉）areasthiscanincreateto90%.Ahealthyenvironmentalsorequiresfreshwater,andthequalityofavailablewaterisasimportantasits___44___.

Waterstressisnotalwayscausedbyphysicalshortagesindryareas.___45___forwaterresourcesbetweendifferentuserswithinrivercatchmentsorbasinscanalsobeacause.

Everythirstycityoperateswithinitsowncontext,___46___tothechallengeofprovidingadequatewatersupplies.CapeTown,___47___,hasfacedthreeyearsofdroughtduringwhichwinterrainsfailedtomaterialize.Attheendofthe2017rainyseasonthecityfacedthe___48___ofitsdamsrunningdryduring2018.Thedamswereonly37%full—inthesameweekfouryearsbeforetheywerefulltothetop.InJanuary2018,itwas___49___thatCapeTownwouldreachDayZero,whenitwouldbeforcedtoturnoffthetaps,inApril.Thiswasdespitethecityreducingitswaterusebymorethanhalf,frombillionlitresadayin2015tofewerthan600millionlitres,andworking___50___withindustryandagriculturetoreducedemand.

OnFebruary1,theauthoritiesputinplaceastrictlimitof50litresofwaterperpersonperday.___51___,inBritainthisisconsideredenoughforafive-minuteshowerofhalfawashingmachinecycleonfullload.

Inaddition,abanwasplacedonusing___52___waterforgardens,watermanagementdeviceswereinstalledathouseholdwithahighwateruseandthewaterpressurewasreducedtocutdemandandleaks.Atthesame,thecitylaunchedamedia___53___tochangehabitsandintroducedhigherduties.Thisisnotwithoutitscosts;

agricultureandtourism,bothsignificantareasofemployment,have___54___.Itisaclassicexampleoftheproblemofwatereconomics-thecostofwaterislowbutthecostofalackofwaterisveryhigh.

CrisessuchastheCapeTowndroughtareindangerofbecomingthenewnorm.The___55___ofDayZeromustserveasawake-upcallforcitiesacrosstheworldtodevelopcost-effectivewatermanagementstrategiestocopewithanuncertainfuture.

41.A.ImpactB.PressureC.ImpressionD.Observation

42.A.recycleB.wasteC.consumeD.apply

43.A.restoredB.abstractedC.separatedD.preserved

44.A.changeB.sourceC.originD.volume

45.A.CompetitionB.ProtectionC.ConstructionD.Regulation

46.A.contributingB.regardingC.respondingD.referring

47.A.inadditionB.forexampleC.onthecontraryD.asaresult

48.A.prospectB.illustrationC.symptomD.security

49.A.reportedB.presentedC.predictedD.explained

50.A.respectivelyB.increasinglyC.restrictivelyD.extensively

51.A.BycomparisonB.InotherwordsC.TooursurpriseD.What’smore

52.A.feasibleB.drinkableC.inevitableD.influential

53.A.campaignB.statementC.presentationD.advertisement

54.A.invadedB.liberatedC.sufferedD.proceeded

55.A.changeB.theoryC.recordD.threat

（A）

Despiteanadvertisementcampaignsuggestingwall-to-wallspecialeffects,“BridgeofTerabithia”isgroundedinrealityfarmorethaninfantasy.AdaptingKatherinePaterson’saward-winningnovel,thescreenwritersDavidPatersonandJeffStockwellhaveproducedathoughtfulandextremelyaffectingstoryofatransformativefriendshipbetweentwounusuallygiftedchildren.Theresultisamoviewhoseemotionaldepthcouldappealmoretoadultsthantotheirchildren.

JessAarons（JoshHutcherson）isasixthgraderwithfoursisters,financiallytensedparentsandatalentfordrawing.Anintroverted（内向的）kidwhoisregularlypickedonbytheschoolbuses,JessformsabondwithanewstudentnamedLeslie（AnnaSophiaRobb）,afreespiritwhoseparents,bothwriters,arefondlyneglectful.Anattractionbetweenoutsiders,theirfriendshipfeedsonherwordsandhispictures;

togethertheycreateanimaginarykingdominthewoodsbehindtheirhomes,aworldtheycancontrolandwheretheirmindscanwanderfree.

Beautifullycapturingatimewhenabullyinschoolcanoccuraslargeasamonsterinanightmareandtheencouragementofateachercanalterthecourseofalife,“BridgetoTerabithia”keepsthefantasyinthebackgroundtofindmagicintheeveryday.GaborCsupodirectsthis,his