英语词类倒装句.docx
《英语词类倒装句.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语词类倒装句.docx(50页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![英语词类倒装句.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-4/24/3fc46686-adfa-4627-9730-5a92dda51cc1/3fc46686-adfa-4627-9730-5a92dda51cc11.gif)
英语词类倒装句
倒装句
英语句子通常是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
但如果谓语动词出现在主语之前,这种现象叫倒装。
部分倒装和全部倒装是专对主语和谓语而言的。
谓语的一部分(助动词,情态动词)移到主语之前,而谓语的其余部分(实义动词)仍保留在主语之后,这种主谓倒装叫做部分倒装(Partialinversion)。
谓语的所有组成部分都移到主语之前的则称为全部倒装(Completeinversion)。
部分倒装句式里是语法上的强制要求,而完全倒装则是出于修辞上的需要,是为了强调主语(使主语占据句尾信息焦点的位置),使其成为新信息,或者因为主语太长,以避免头重脚轻,或者两个原因兼而有之。
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
常见结构:
1.当副词here,there,away,down,in,now,off,out,up等位于句首时,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run,exist,appear,stand等。
例如:
①Awaywenttherunners.
②Downcametherain.
③Upwentthearrowintotheair.
④Herecomesthebus!
⑤TherewasaknockatthedoorandincameMrSmith.
⑥Theregoesthebell!
⑦Nowcomesyourturn.
⑧Outjumpedatigerfrombehindtherock.
注意:
主语为代词时,不能采用全部倒装。
当含有no的短语位于主语之前时,主谓要实行部分倒装。
例如:
①Hereshecomes!
②Outtheycame.
③Awaytheyrushedwhentheysawtheenemysoldiers.
④Under(In)nocircumstancesmustthisdoorbeleftopen(unlocked).
⑤Tonoonewilltheyadmittheirguilt.他们对任何人都不会承认有罪。
2.当表地点或方位的介词短语位于句首时。
例如:
①Attheheadofthequeuewasanoldwoman.
②Wedidn'treachthetopbecauseitwastoohot.Allarounditissand.
③Outsidetheentrancestoodtwopoliceofficerswithguns.
3.“such+be+主语”结构.
①SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplebutgreatman.
②Sucharethewords.
4.当表语位于句首时。
例如:
①Veryimportantinthefarmer'slifeistheTVweatherreport.
②Gonearethedayswhenwelivedinthecountryside.
③Coveringmuchoftheearth'ssurfaceisablanketofwater.
5.直接引语放在句首时。
①“Ifyoudie,whowillgetyourmoney”?
askedHolmes.
②“Idon’tthinkso,”saidHolmes.
6.为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时。
①Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
②InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态置于主语之前。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1.句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,bynomeans,onnoaccount,innocase,notuntil…等.
①NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.
②Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.
③Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.
④Notasinglemistakedidhemake.
⑤AtnotimeandundernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.
注意:
当Notuntil引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
如否定词不在句首不倒装。
Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.
Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.
典型例题
1)---Whycan'tIsmokehere---Atnotime___inthemeeting-room.
A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermitted
C.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit
这是一个倒装问题。
当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。
本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.答案A.
2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.
A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknow
看到Notuntil…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D中选一个。
改写为正常语序为:
Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
答案D。
3)NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didn'tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealizeD.Irealize答案为B.
2.以否定词开头作部分倒装。
如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than
Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.
Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.
典型例题:
Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.
A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun
注意:
只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构.如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。
NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.
3.so…that或such…that句型中的so或such位于句首时,需倒装.
Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
Suchagoodpersonwasmyteacherthatwealladmiredher.
4.only修饰状语位于句首。
OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.
Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。
Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.
5.so,neither,nor作部分倒装表示"也","也不"。
TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.
Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.
典型例题:
---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother---Idon'tknow,_____.
A.nordon'tIcareB.nordoIcare
C.Idon'tcareneitherD.Idon'tcarealso
nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装。
A错在用don't再次否定;C.neither用法不对且缺乏连词;D.also用法不对且缺乏连词。
答案:
B.
注意:
当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构.意为"的确如此".
TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.
---It'sraininghard.---Soitis.
6.as,though引导的倒装句
as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前).
Busyas/thoughheis,heinsistsonstudying.
注意:
1)句首名词不能带任何冠词.
Childassheis,sheknowsalot.
2)句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后;如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.
7.在含有were,should,had的虚拟条件句中,可以省略if,而把这三个词提前。
例如:
Hadyoutoldmeearlier,Icouldhavedonebetter.
Shouldanyonecall,tellmeintime.
WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.
8.在以often,well,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。
如:
ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.
Oftenhavewemadethattest.
9.在某些表示祝愿的句型中:
Mayyouallbehappy.
STEP2:
倒装句及感叹句专练45题
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.HismotherhadtalkedtohimformanyminuteswhilehewaswatchingTV,but____.
A.alittledidhehearB.littledidhehear
C.littleheardheD.alittleheardhe
2.——Hello,ZhuHua.I’llhavetoreturntoCanadabecauseI’veworkedhereforayear.
——_____!
A.Whattim?
fliesB.Howtimeflies
C.WhatdoestimeflyD.Howdoestimefly
3.Duringthewar,____butalsohelosthiswifeandhischild.
A.notwashisjobinthelabtakenaway
B.notonlywashisjobinthelabtakenaway
C.notmerelyhisjobinthelabwastakenaway
D.notjustwastakenawayhisjobinthelab
4.——Wehavetostoptalkinghereoutside.Listen,_____!
——Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.
A.TheregoesthebellB.Theredoesthebellgo
C.TherethebellgoesD.Goesthebellthere
5.Ithinkthisisthefirsttimethatwehavemet.___anywhere.
A.Beforehaveweneverseeneachother
B.Neverbeforewehaveseeneachother
C.Eachotherhaveweseenneverbefore
D.Neverbeforehaveweseeneachother
6.___!
Youshouldtakethischancetoattendit.
A.Howimportantconferenceisit
B.Howanimportantconferenceitis
C.Whatanimportantconferenceisit
D.Whatanimportantconferenceitis
7.Shedidn’tcometothepartylastSunday.___,shemusthavemadethepartymoreexciting.
A.IfshecameB.Wouldshecome
C.HadshecomeD.Didshecome
8.Theyfinallymanagedtoclimbtothetop,but__then.
A.wentthechildrendownthehill
B.downthehilldidthechildrengo
C.downthehillwentthechildren
D.downthehillthechildrenwent
9.Ireceivedhismother’stelephonecallateleven.__thathewasbadlyhurtinanaccidentyesterday.
A.ThendidIknowB.OnlythenIknew
C.OnlythendidIknowD.OnlythenknewI
10.——Whatsportdoyoulikebest?
——Springboarddiving(跳板跳水).____todiveintowaterfromhighboard!
A.WhatafunisitB.Howfunitis
C.HowafunisitD.Whatfunitis
11.——Theoldmanwouldn’tstayathomeforarestevenifitrained.
——____.Hewouldfeelsickifhestayedhomeforoneday.
A.Sowouldmygrandpa
B.Sowouldn’tmygrandpa
C.Neitherwouldmygrandpa
D.Norwouldn’tmygrandpa
12.___forustosurf(冲浪)ontheseainsummer!
A.WhatexcitingisitB.Howexcitingisit
C.WhatexcitingitisD.Howexcitingitis
13.Bynomeans___toourplanforthetrip.
A.willsheagreeB.shewillagree
C.agreessheD.willagreeshe
14.Thechildtiptoed(翘起脚尖走)quietlytothebird.___intotheforestwhenhewasabouttocatchit.
A.FlewitawayB.Awayflewit
C.AwayitflewD.Flewawayit
15.LittleTomisanorphan._____,hehastomakealivingbyhimself.
A.AchildasheisB.Childasheis
C.ChildasisheD.Achildthoughheis
16.___hegavethatweshouldtakemoreexerciseinoursparetime!
A.WhatagoodadviceB.Howagoodadvice
C.WhatgoodadviceD.Howgoodadvice
17.Hardlyhadshewalkedoutofthewoods___sheheardthestrangescreamcomingfrombehindatree.
A.thanB.untilC.sinceD.when
18.___thatwecouldn’tcatchupwithhim.
A.SofastheranB.Sofastdidherun
C.SofastranheD.Suchfastdidherun
19.Wehavebeenondutyforfourhoursand____.
A.nowcomesyourturn
B.nowdoesyourturncome
C.nowyourturncomes
D.comesnowyourturn
20.Wehaven’tseeneachotherformanymonths.__!
A.WhatImissedyouB.WhatdidImissyou
C.HowImissedyouD.HowdidImissyou
21.__canyoufindouthowmanychickensthereare!
A.CountingthemB.Bycountingthem
C.Onlybycountingthem
D.Onlyhaveyoucountedthem
22.Betweenthetwomounts___andtheydecidetobuildaropeway(索道).
A.liesaverydeepvalley
B.doesaverydeepvalleylie
C.averydeepvalleylies
D.averydeepvalleylays
23.Theywentintoasmallhousebut___.
A.nopersonsdidtheyfind
B.notapersonfoundthey
C.notapersondidtheyfind
D.notapersontheyfound
24.——Mymotherdoesalotofhouseworkbeforegoingtowork,butshehasneverbeenlate.
——_____.
A.SodoesmymotherB.Neitherdoesmymother
C.NorhasmymotherD.Soitiswithmymother
25.Everyonehasarrivedateightand____.
A.thendoesthemeetingbegin
B.thenbeginsthemeeting
C.beginsthemeetingthen
D.doesthemeetingbeginthen
26.__itisforustoseethathedoeshisworksowell!
A.WhatsurpriseB.Howsurprise
C.WhatasurpriseD.Howasurprise
27.Lookoverthere.___!
A.Aroundthecorneriswalkingapoliceman
B.Aroundthecornerisapolicemanwalking
C.