完整版专八阅读理解模拟试题文档格式.docx

完整版专八阅读理解模拟试题文档格式.docx

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semotionalstate.

ConsiderDarwin'

swords:

"

Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions."

Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?

Psychologicalresearchhasgivenrisetosomeinterestingfindingsconcerningthefacial-feedbackhypothesis.Causingparticipantsinexperimentstosmile,forexample,leadsthemtoreportmorepositivefeelingsandtoratecartoons（humorousdrawingsofpeopleorsituations）asbeingmorehumorous.Whentheyarecausedtofrown,theyratecartoonsasbeingmoreaggressive.

Whatarethepossiblelinksbetweenfacialexpressionsandemotion?

Onelinkisarousal,whichisthelevelofactivityorpreparednessforactivityinanorganism.Intensecontractionoffacialmuscles,suchasthoseusedinsignifyingfear,heightensarousal.Self-perceptionofheightenedarousalthenleadstoheightenedemotionalactivity.Otherlinksmayinvolvechangesinbraintemperatureandthereleaseofneurotransmitters（substancesthattransmitnerveimpulses.）Thecontractionoffacialmusclesbothinfluencestheinternalemotionalstateandreflectsit.Ekmanhasfoundthattheso-calledDuchennesmile,whichischaracterizedby"

crow'

sfeet"

wrinklesaroundtheeyesandasubtledropintheeyecoverfoldsothattheskinabovetheeyemovesdownslightlytowardtheeyeball,canleadtopleasantfeelings.

Ekman'

sobservationmayberelevanttotheBritishexpression"

keepastiffupperlip"

asarecommendationforhandlingstress.Itmightbethata"

stiff"

lipsuppressesemotionalresponse-aslongasthelipisnotquiveringwithfearortension.Butwhentheemotionthatleadstostiffeningthelipismoreintense,andinvolvesstrongmuscletension,facialfeedbackmayheightenemotionalresponse.

1.Theworddespondentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

Acurious

Bunhappy

Cthoughtful

Duncertain

2.Theauthormentions"

Baringtheteethinahostileway"

inorderto

Adifferentiateonepossiblemeaningofaparticularfacialexpressionfromothermeaningsofit

BupportDarwin'

stheoryofevolution

Cprovideanexampleofafacialexpressionwhosemeaningiswidelyunderstood

Dcontrastafacialexpressionthatiseasilyunderstoodwithotherfacialexpressions

3.Thewordconcurinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

Aestimate

Bagree

Cexpect

Dunderstand

4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingwastrueoftheForepeopleof

NewGuinea?

ATheydidnotwanttobeshownphotographs.

BTheywerefamousfortheirstory-tellingskills.

CTheyknewverylittleaboutWesternculture.

DTheydidnotencouragetheexpressionofemotions.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohumanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?

ATheywouldbecomelessintense.

BTheywouldlastlongerthanusual.

CTheywouldcauseproblemslater.

DTheywouldbecomemorenegative.

参考答案（反白可见）：

BCBCABCBCA

专八阅读理解模拟试题（5）

StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstancesthatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughlyinvestigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocialconditionsthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,haveanalyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsoffeminismintheUnitedStateshavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhenhistoriansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurringwithintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthenatrulyinternationalmovementactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeministactivistswhohavebeendescribedas"

solitary"

and"

individualtheorists"

wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement-utopiansocialism--whichwasalreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthatculminatedinthefirstwomen'

srightsconferenceheldatSenecaFalls.NewYork,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsanddevelopmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthedetailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludetheideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism.

TheearliestandmostpopularoftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaint-Simonians.ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaint-Simonianismhas,however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroup'

scontributiontoearlysocialism.Thisisregrettableontwocounts.By1832feminismwasthecentralconcernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents'

energy;

hence,byignoringitsfeminism.Europeanhistorianshavemisunderstood

Saint-Simonianism.Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedtoSaint-Simonianism,Europeanhistorians'

appreciationoflaterfeminisminFranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.

Saint-Simon'

sfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomen,basedtheirfeminismonaninterpretationofhisprojecttoreorganizetheglobebyreplacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowers.Thenewworldorderwouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection,andafemale,torepresentsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whiletheSaint-Simoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportantsocialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirUtopia.

OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequalitybasedongenderdistinction.Thisminoritybelievedthatindividualsofbothsexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyascribedmale-femaledifferencestosocializationandeducation.Theenvisionedresultofbothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifeinthenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomenwithanimprovedwayoflife.

1.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthosehistorianswhodescribeearlyfeministsintheUnitedStatesas"

tobe

Ainsufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanfeministthought

Boverlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasintheperiodbefore1848

Cnotfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeo-graphicalscope

DinsufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSenecaFallsconference

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheSenecaFallsconferenceonwomen'

srights?

AItwasprimarilyaproductofnineteenth-centurySaint-Simonianfeminist

thought.

BItwastheworkofAmericanactivistswhowereindependentoffeministsabroad.

CItwastheculminatingachievementoftheUtopiansocialistmovement.DItwasamanifestationofaninternationalmovementforsocialchangeandfeminism

3.Theauthor'

sattitudetowardmostEuropeanhistorianswhohavestudiedtheSaint-Simoniansisprimarilyoneof

Aapprovalofthespecificfocusoftheirresearch

BdisapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontotheissuethatabsorbedmostoftheSaint-Simonians'

energyafter1832

Capprovaloftheirgeneralfocusonsocialconditions

DdisapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontolinksbetweentheSaint-SimoniansandtheirAmericancounterparts

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthatstudyofSaint-SimonianismisnecessaryforhistoriansofAmericanfeminismb