国际贸易术语详解(英文版).ppt

国际贸易术语详解(英文版).ppt

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1国际贸易术语详解国际贸易术语详解（英文版英文版）2Exworksmeansthesellersonlyresponsibilityistomakethegoodsavailableatthesellerspremises,i.e.factory.Thesellerisnotresponsibleforloadingthegoodsonthevehicleprovidedbythebuyerunlessotherwiseagreed.3Thebuyerbearsthefullcostsandriskinvolvedincollectingthegoodsfromtheretothedesireddestination.Exworksrepresentstheminimumobligationoftheseller.4TheEtermistheterminwhichthesellersobligationisatitsminimum:

thesellerhastodonomorethanplacethegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerattheagreedplaceusuallyatthesellersownpremises.5Ontheotherhand,asamatterofpracticalreality,thesellerwouldfrequentlyassistthebuyerinloadingthegoodsonthelatterscollectingvehicle.6AlthoughEXWwouldbetterreflectthisifthesellersobligationsweretobeextendedsoastoincludeloading,itwasthoughtdesirabletoretainthetraditionalprincipleofthesellersminimumobligationunderEXWsothatitmildheusedforcaseswherethesellerdoesnotwishtoassumeanyobligationwhatsoeverwithrespecttotheloadingofthegoods.7Ifthebuyerwantsthesellertodomore,thisshouldhemadeclearinthecontractofsale.返回返回8IntroductionFOBFASFCA9TheFtermrequirethesellertodeliverthegoodsforcarriageasinstructedbythebuyer.10ThepointatwhichthepartiesintenddeliverytooccurintheFCAtermhascauseddifficultybecauseofthewidevarietyofcircumstanceswhichmaysurroundcontractscoveredbythisterm.11Thistermhasbeendesignedtomeettherequirementsofmultimodaltransport,suchascontainerorroll-on,roll-offtrafficbytrailersandferries.12Ifnopreciseplacecanbenamedatthetimeofthecontractofsale,thepartiesshouldrefertotheplacewherethecarriershouldtakethegoodsintoitscharge.13Theriskoflossordamagetothegoodsistransferredfromsellertobuyeratthattimeandnotattheshipsrail.14Thetermcarriermeansanypersonbywhomorinwhosenameacontractofcarriagebyroad,rail,air,sea,oracombinationofmodeshasbeenmade.Whenasellerhasbeenfurnishedabilloflading,waybillorcarriersreceipt,thesellerdulyfulfillsitsobligationbypresentingsuchadocumentissuedbyacarrier.15Incoterms2000takeamountofthesealternativesbystipulatingthat,whentheplacenamedinthecontractastheplacedofdeliveryisthesellerspremises,deliveryiscompletewhenthegoodsareloadedonthebuyerscollectingvehicleand,inothercases,deliveryiscompletewhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyernotunloadedfromthesellersvehicle.16It（FCA）isbasedonthesamenameprincipleasF.O.B.（freeonboard）,exceptthatthesellerfulfillsitsobligationswhenthegoodsaredeliveredtothecustodyofthecarrieratthenamedplace.返回返回17FOBFREEONBOARD（.namedportofshipment）UnderF.O.B.thegoodsareplacedonboardtheshipbythesellerataportofshipmentnamedinthesalesagreement.18Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsistransferredtothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheshipsrail（i.e.,offthedockandplacedontheship）.Thesellerpaysthecostofloadingthegoods.19ThenotionunderFOBtodeliverthegoodsacrosstheshipsrailnowadaysmayseeminappropriateinmanycases,itisneverthelessunderstoodbymerchantsandappliedinamannerwhichtakes20Unfortunately,thewordFOBisusedbysomemerchantsmerelytoindicateanypointofdeliverysuchasFOBfactory,FOBplant,FOBExsellersworksorotherinlandpointstherebyneglectingwhattheabbreviationmeans:

FreeOnBoard.21ItremainsthecasethatsuchuseofFOBtendstocreateconfusionandshouldbeavoided.返回返回22FASFREEALONGSIDESHIP（.namedportofshipment）F.A.S.orfreealongsideshiprequiresthesellertodeliverthegoodsalongsidetheshiponthequay.23Fromthatpointon,thebuyerbearsallcostsandrisksoflossanddamagetothegoods.UnlikeF.O.B.,F.A.S.requiresthebuyertoclearthegoodsforexportandpaythecostofloadingthegoods.24ThereisanimportantchangeofFASrelatingtotheobligationtoclearthegoodsforexport,sinceitappearstobethemostcommonpracticetoputthisdutyonthesellerratherthanonthebuyer.返回返回25CIFCIPInsurance小结小结返回返回26Cost,InsuranceandFreightmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailintheportofshipment.27CIFCOST,INSURANCEANDFREIGHT（.namedportofdestination）CIFisCFRwiththeadditionalrequirementthatthesellerprocuretransportinsuranceagainsttheriskoflossordamagetogoods.Thesellermustcontractwiththeinsurerandpaytheinsurancepremium.28ThesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationBUTtheriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery，29aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.