四联法硕考研英语一.docx

四联法硕考研英语一.docx

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四联法硕考研英语一

2018四联法硕考研英语

（一）真题及参考答案（完整版）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points}

Tmstisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition1_manyworthwhiletilings:

childcaie,friendships,etc.Oiltheotherhand,puttingyom*2,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh

4,whydowetrustatall?

Well,becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetlieirtnistinanindividualoraninstitution，theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtiiggerstheherdinginstructtliatpromptshumansto7withoneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishonnoneputsusinatrusting9:

LiaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalftliesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheii*10whoinhaledsomethingelse.

11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask， “What’sinhere?

”beforelookingintothecontainer，smiling，andexclaiming，“Wow!

”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15.Haifofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad \1_ them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked，themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththe testerinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytmstedliisleadership.19,onlyfiveoftlie30 childrenpairedwiththe“20”testei*participated inafollow-upactivity.

1.[A]on

 [B]like

 [C]for

[D]from

2.[A]faith

[B]concern

[C] attention

[D]interest

3.[A]benefit

[B]debt

[C]hope

[D]price

4.[A]Therefore

[B]Then

[C]Instead

[D]Again

5.[A]Until

[B]Unless

[C] Although

[D]Wlien

6.[A]selects

[B]produces

[C] applies

[D]maintains

7.[A]consult

[B]compete

 [C]connect

[D]compare

8.[A]at

[B]by

[c]of

[D]to

9.[A]context

[B]mood

[C]period

[D]circle

10.[A]counterparts

[B]substitutes

[C]colleagues

[D]supporters

11.[A]Fumiy

[B]Lucky

[C]Odd

[D]Ironic

12.[A]monitor

[B]protect

[C]surprise

[D]delight

13.[A]between

[B]within

[C]toward

[D]over

14.[A]transferred

[B]added

[C]introduced

[D]entrusted

15.[A]out

[B]back

[C]around

[D]inside

16.[A]discovered

 [B]proved

[C]insisted

[D].remembered

17.[A]betrayed

[BJwronged

[C]fooled

[D]mocked

18.[A]forced

[B]willing

[C]hesitant

[D]entitled

19.[A]Incontrast

[B]Asaresult

[C] Onthewhole

[D]Forinstance

20.[A]inflexible

[B]incapable

[C]unreliable

[D]unsuitable

partA

 Directions:

Readthefollowingfour tests. AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranwersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

                   Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfachingthemiddleclassisoneonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthe  nextpresidentialcampaign:

Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortlieirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsaieathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withtliemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-tmcking’financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheii'interest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisnltobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydiivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boiingwork.Butinthemediumtenn,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge， shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.CiuTiculums_fromgramniai*schooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessoilmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstiyingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:

Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmacliines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandviilualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationtlueatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:

Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttotliosewhofindtlieirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.

Destroyingthemacliinestliatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21 .Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

[A] Leadingpoliticians.

[B] Low-wagelaborers.

[C] Robotowners.

[D] Middle-classworkers.

22 .Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor's    view?

[A] Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

[B] Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

[C] Issuesarisingfiomautomationneedtobetackled

[D] Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

23. Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmore    emphasison

[A] creativepotential.

[B] job-hiintingskills.

[C] individualneeds.

[D] cooperativespirit.

24. Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat

[A] encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

[B] increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

[C] easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

[D] preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

25.Intliistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith

[A]opposingviewsoilit.

[B] possiblesolutionstoit.

[C]itsalarmingimpacts.

[D]itsmajorvariations.

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTnunp'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource，Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,neailyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMicliiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasiuveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersraielyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfiilatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsuiveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24founddieyuse^distributedtnist^toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosetliatareopenaboutanybias. t4Maiiyyoungpeopleassumeagieatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain， andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityof"Wisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopennittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginfomiation.AsuiveybyBamaresearchgioupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansfortliefakenewsphenomenonis"readereiTor,^moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutatliirdsaytlieproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem，”saysRoxanneStone，editorinchiefatBamaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeopleaiecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills-andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

26. AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoung     Americanscastdoubtson

[A] thejustificationoftlienews-filteringpractice.

[B] people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

[Cjtheadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27. Thephrase“beerup”（Line2,Para.2）isclosest    inmeaningto

[A] sharpen

[B] define

[C] boast

[D] share

28. AccordingtotheknightfoundationsuiTey,youngpeople

[A] tendtovoicetheiropini