精品文档英语修辞手法Word下载.docx

精品文档英语修辞手法Word下载.docx

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b.Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisenforhimtocrow.

c.Recordsfelllikeripeapplesonawindyday.

d.Motherwasshortandplumpandpretty.Hereyeswereblue,andherbrownhairwaslikeabird’ssmoothwings…

e.Habitmaybelikenedtoacable;

everydayweweaveathread,andsoonwecannotbreakit.

2）as

a.Menfeardeath,aschildrenfeartogointhedark:

andasthatnaturalfearinchildrenisincreasedwithtales,soistheother.

b.Asthelioniskingofbeasts,soistheeaglekingofbirds.

3）asif,asthough

a.Shespokehurriedly,asifherhearthadleapedintoherthroatattheboy’swords.

b.HewasabeautifulhorsethatlookedasthoughhehadcomeoutofapaintingbyVelasquez.

4）what

a.Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.

b.Whatsaltistofood,thatwitandhumouraretoconversationandliterature.

5）than

a.Hehasnomoreideaofmoneythanacow.

b.Ahomewithoutloveisnomorethanabodywithoutasoul.

6）and

a.Awordandastoneletgocannotberecalled.

b.Loveandcoughcannotbehid.

7）with

a.Withthequicknessofalongcat,sheclimbedupintothenestofcool-bladedfoliage.

2.metaphor:

Itistheuseofawordwhichoriginallydenotesonethingtorefertoanotherwithasimilarquality.Itisalsoacomparisonbetweentwodistinctivelydifferentthings,butthecomparisonisimplied,notexpressedwiththewordasorlike.MetaphorisalsocalledCondensedSimile.Metaphorsareusednotonlyafterverbtobe,andnotonlynounscanbeusedmetaphorically,adjectives,adverbs,verbscanalsobeusedmetaphorically.

1）n.

a.Theparksarethelungsofourcity.

b.Moneyisalensinacamera.

2）v.

a.ApplicationsforjobsfloodedtheEmploymentAgency.

3）adj.

a.Themountainouswavesswalloweduptheship.

4）ofphrase

thebridgeoffriendship,thevalleyofdespair,aflowerofagirl

III.Analogy,allegory,metonymy,synecdocheandallusion

1.analogy

Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphor,whichusuallyconcentratesononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.Analogyischieflyusedforthepurposeofpersuasionorfortheexplanationorexpositionofanidea.Analogycouldbeasimileorametaphor,itisacombinationofdifferentfigurativeusages.

a.“Thechess-boardistheworld;

thepiecesarethephenomenaoftheuniverse;

therulesofthegamearewhatwecallthelawsofNature.Theplayerontheothersideishiddenfromus.…”

b.It’swithourjudgmentsaswithourwatches;

nonegojustalike,yeteachbelieveshisown.

c.Judiciouspraiseistochildrenwhatthesunistoflowers.

d.Theinspirationforastoryislike“apullontheline…theoutsidesignalthathasstartledormovedthecreativemindtocomplicityandbroughtthestorytoactivebeing…”

Analogylookslikesimileinform,butthedifferenceis:

analogyprovidethereasonforthedifferenceswhilesimileandmetaphorremainunexplained.

2.allegory:

Itisamilderfigurativeusethanmetaphor,itappliesconcreteimagestoillustrateabstractnotions,itleadsthereaderstogettothenatureofthingsorprofoundconceptsthroughconcreteimagesandeasyfacts.

a.Norosewithoutathorn.

b.It’stimetoturnswordsintoploughs.

Namesofbooks:

Pilgrim’sProgress;

AnimalFarm

Manyallegoriescomefromclassicalmyths,someEnglishproverbsandidiomsaregoodexamplesofallegory.

Allthatglistersisnotgold.（fromTheMerchantofVenice）

3.metonymy:

Itissubstitutingthenameofonethingforthatofanotherwithwhichitiscloselyassociated.Therearefourkinds:

1）thecontainerforthingscontained（bottleforwine,kettleforwater,potforsoup）

a.Thekettleisboiling.

2）theinstrumentfortheagent（pen—writing,gun/sword—fighting）

a.Thepenisstrongerthanthesword.

3）thesign（cradle—childhood,crown—king,throne—king）

a.Hemusthavebeenspoiltfromthecradle.

b.Thegreyhairshouldberespected.

c.Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.

d.Havingfinishedthelawschool,hewascalledtotheBar.

e.Shehastheeyeforthefairandthebeautiful.

4）others

Journalistsoftenusemetonymytorefertoallkindsofpeopleorthings.Itisverybriefandhumorous.

a.Romeo:

lover

b.Helen:

beautifulwoman

c.JohnBull:

England/theEnglishpeople

d.DowningStreet:

theBritishgovernment/cabinet

e.ThePentagon:

theU.S.militaryestablishment

f.Bigapple:

NewYork

4.synecdoche:

Whenapartissubstitutedforthewholeorthewholeissubstitutedforapart,synecdocheisapplied.（hand—man,bread—food,creature—woman）

a.Morehands（workingmen）areneededatthemoment.

b.Wehaddinnerattendollarsahead（eachperson）.

c.Alltheplantsinthecoldcountryareturninggreeninthissmilingyear（thespring）.

5.allusion:

Itisabriefreferencetoaperson,place,phrase,oreventdrawnfromhistoryorliterature.Allusionsareeffectivenotbecauseofthemeaningofthewordsthemselvesbutbecauseoftheassociationsorconnotationsthatallusivewordscarryfortheintelligentreader.Theuseofallusionallowspoetstoreinforceanargumentbyillustration,tocompresscomplexideasintobriefphrases,andtosuggestthoughtstheymaynotwishtostatedirectly.Namesarethemostcommonformsofallusionandtheeasiesttoidentity.Therearedifferentsourcesofallusions,likenurseryrhymes,fairytales,myths,legends,fablesandliteraryworks,etc.

a.Cinderella:

prettygirl,mistreatedbystepmotherbuthelpedbyfairygodmothertowinherPrinceCharming:

arags-to-richestheme.

b.“OpenSesame”:

codewordtothetreasurecaveinstoryofAliBabaandtheFortyThieves;

thekeytohiddentreasures,knowledge,etc.

c.SourGrapes:

afoxcalledthegrapesitcouldn’treachsour.Whenwecan’tgetwhatwewant,weoftendisparageit.

d.NoahandhisArk

e.Solomon:

awiseman,whocanjudgebetweenrightandwrong,trueandfalse.

f.Judas:

thedisciplewhobetrayedChristtohisenemiesfor30piecesofsilver.

★Exercises:

Identifythefiguresofspeechinthefollowingsentences:

a.Inriversthewaterthatyoutouchisthelastofthathaspassedandthefirstofthatwhichcomes:

sowithtimepresent.（analogy）

b.Greecewasthecradleofwesternculture.（metaphor）

c.Laughandtheworldlaughswithyou;

weepandyouweepalone.（allegory）

d.Thecityhasitphilharmonicbutalsoitspoverty.（metonymy）

e.ItookalastdrowninglookatthetitleasIgavethebookintoherhand.（metaphor）

f.Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.（simile—thesuggestionofoverwhelmingconceitintheman）

g.Thenhecutmeopenandtookouttheappendixandstitchedmeupagain.（synecdoche—cuthisabdomenopen）

IV.Personification,zoosemyandonomatopoeia

1.personification:

Itistotreatathing（includingananimal）oranideaasifitwerehumanorhadhumanqualities.Itisalsoakindoffigurativeusage,esp.ametaphor.

a.Thesunkissedthegreenfields.

b.Theyouthweresinging,laughingandplayingthemusicinstruments.Thetreesandflowersaroundthemdancedheartilyasiftouchbymerrymood.

c.Thelittlegoatwassofussythatheoftencriedforwolf.

d.Deathfeedsonhismutevoice,andlaughsatourdespair.

2.zoosemy:

Itistotreatapersonasathing（includingananimal,plant,lifelessthing,abstractnotion,etc.）.

a.Hisspoiltchildrenareill-gottengoodsthat’llneverprosper.

b.“Aluckydogyouare!

”exclaimedJim.

c.Childrenareflowersofourcountry.

d.O,myloveislikea