英语高考7选5阅读之解题技巧文档格式.docx
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此为考察的重点。
设空或选项特点
设空处通常是完整的句子,但也有可能是并列分句或从句,甚至是逗号隔开的短语(通常是状语)。
七个选项都与短文有关,多为完整的句子,句型不一,长短不同,七个备选项通常由短到长排列。
设空的位置可在段首,段中或段尾。
正确的选项通常有三种:
主旨概括句(考察对文章或段落的归纳概括能力),
过渡性句子(考察对文章结构的把握能力),注释性句子(考察对上下文逻
辑意义的理解能力)
解题技巧
一、根据位置线索解题
二、根据逻辑线索解题三、根据词汇线索解题
解题技巧一:
根据位置信息解题
1.问题设在段首(二种可能):
通常是段落主题句。
短小精悍,多为名词性短语或祈使句。
阅读此段剩余内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关词或者同义词,从而锁定答案。
与后文是并列、转折、因果等关系。
着重阅读后文一二句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词。
正确选项与后文的句子在意思上是衔接的,因此通常这两句话之间会有某种衔接手段。
段落间的过渡句。
此时要瞻前顾后找启示,阅读上一段结尾。
通常正确选项可以承上启下,起到两段之间很好的过渡作用。
例1:
Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'
s
important.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?
Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommates
JJ-«
・t.“nrinsr、i・*・*"
jru/j"
i・J
aboutthechangeyouwanttomake.
答案:
Findtherightmotivation.(主题句)
例2:
However,heisnotafish.Becausehemustbreatheair,he
can'
tstayunderthewatersurfaceforanylengthoftime.Toexploredeepwater,manfacesevenmoredangersandproblems.
Manwantstoexploredeepintothesea.(与后文转折关系并启示
下文内容。
)
2.问题设在段中:
通常正确选项的句子在语境和逻辑方面和上下文有密切的关
系,通常为过渡句或细节注释句。
注意句际体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻
辑关系的关联词以及逻辑性插入语等。
Americansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesome
Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,
oramoreseriouscondition.
differentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'
ttrust
build
anymore.37It'
sunderstandable,butifyou'
rewillingtotrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.
They'
vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'
tbeartoletit
happenagain.(前后因果关系,注释无法再信任的原因,并与下文
understandable衔接。
3•问题设在段尾:
通常是结论、概括性语句。
注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信
息词,女口therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconelude,inaword等词语。
与前文之间是转折或者对比关系。
与前文之间是并列排比或递进关系。
此时,正确选项的作用往往是补全说明本段主题的其他细节。
解题时注意查找表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构,或同义词等其他线索。
承上启下,引出下一段的内容。
此时注意看下一段的开头几句,看选项中是否有与之紧密衔接的句子。
答案
thirdof
your
ItwasreportedrecentlythatintheUK,wethrowawayuptoonethirdofthefoodwebuyeachweek.Thisamountsto6.7milliontonsoffoodeachyear.Asthefoodcrisisincreasesaroundtheworld,it
36
makessenseforustoreducetheamountoffoodwewaste.
weeklyfoodbill!
(补充解释makessense的理由并归纳概括上文)
Herearesometipstohelpyoureducefoodwaste.
•Makeamenuplan.
Thinkaboutthemealsthatyourfamilyenjoysmostandmakea
menuplanfortheweek.Writedowntheingredientsyouneedfor
eachmealonalist.Thereisnothingworsethanpushingatrolley(
Youoftenendupwith…lotsofingredientsthatdon'
tgo
together!
(解释上文语句的结果)
例6:
Everyonewantstosucceedintheirlife,don'
tthey?
Evenasateenager,youcanachievesuccessinyourlife;
itreallyisn'
t,thathard....…+……31.
•Do,we.ll.in.school;
..No.matterhowboringitisnow,education
willhelpyoubeaproductivememberinsociety.Tryyourbestfor
excelleneeinschool;
listentotheteachers,doyourhomework,study,
andgetgoodgrades.Doingsowillhelpyougetintoabetteruniversity,whichwillenable.you..tohave.a.brightfuture.32
答案:
31:
Herearesomeimportantpointsthatyoumayfindhelpful.
(承上启下)32:
Schoolsetsyouupontherighttrack!
解题技巧二:
根据逻辑线索解题
语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位(句群、段落、篇章等)。
语篇中的各种逻辑关系通常是通过语篇标志词来体现的。
对语篇标志词了解得越多,就可以
更好地理解语篇的结构和要表达的内容,为解题提供帮助。
七选五阅读中常见的逻辑关系:
1.解释例证关系:
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子或具体解释说明。
means…等。
inspiteof等。
3.因果关系:
主要指前后的句子有着前因后果或者前果后因等关系。
表示因果关
系的标志词有:
so,therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult(of),
so/such…that...,sothat…,because(of),for,since,as,hence,
4.递进关系:
对前文进行加深解释。
表示递进关系的标志词有:
what‘smore,
what'
sworse,tomakemattersworse,inaddition/additionally,
5.顺承或顺序关系:
上下文按照时间、空间、事理或逻辑上的顺序表达连续的动
作或相关情况。
标志词有:
afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,
inthefirstplace,tostart/beginwith,inthemeantime,last,later,
next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly
also,some…others…,foronething,…foranotherthing…,neither…
nor…,either…or…,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,
…but…,notonly...but
thesame…as,likewise,similarly,aswell,notalso…,等。
7•概括归纳关系:
对下文(段首空)或前文(段中或段尾空)进行概括归纳。
标志词有:
例7(解释例证关系)
Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspeltout.
例8(转折对比关系)(同时参见例2、例3)
ThiscouldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsomeexercisesearlierinthedayshouldhelpyoufeelphysicallyaswellas
mentallytired.However,coffeeorteashouldbeavoidedas
awake….
theycontaincaffeineandwillkeepyou
A.So,what'
sagoodsleep?
B.
B.A
bedtimedrinkcanalsohel
C.Havingagoodsleepwillkeepyoulivelythewholeday.
例9(因果关系)
Thereisnodoubtthat,inanincreasinglycompetitivetrading
environment,wearebetterequippedthanevertocompeteandtowinandwefeelincreasinglyoptimistic..
Thisisdueto..ournowhavingaclearstrategywithafocuson
thecustomerandproductimprovement.
例10(递进关系)
Itseemsurgent,thatcommunicationsintransportshouldbe
improved._Allovercities,itseemsthatpeoplearetootired
andtoorushedtobepolite.
kept
smoothandpolite.
C.Yetthisisalltoooftenseen.
D.Thepublicshouldobeytherules.
A
例11(顺承或顺序关系)
Takinggoodnotesisatimesavingskillthatwillhelpyouto
becomeabetterstudentinseveralways.
Second,your
notesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingfora
test.Third,note-taking
offers
A.
Usewords,notcompletesentences.
B.
Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.
C.
First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierfor
youtounderstandandremember.
D.
Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.
C
例12(并列或排比关系)
•WarmUp.
17Youshouldn'
tevenstarthavingsportsuntilyou'
re
alittlewarmedup.Sotakealightjogtogetloosenedupandready
toplay.Bywarmingup,yougetyourselfreadytoplay.Warmingup
yourmusclesandpracticingasporthelpkeepyousafe,too.
•KnowtheRulesoftheGame.Trafficlightshelptopreventcrashes
betweenthemanycarsandtrucksthatdriveontheroads
together.Thisworksbecausedriversknowtherulesandfollowthem
----atleastmostofthetime.
18Whenplayersknowtherules
ofthegame,youandtheotherplayersknowwhattoexpectfrom
eachother.
A.Watchoutforothers.
It'
Sesamewaywithsports
C.Don'
tplaywhenyouareinjured.
Everyday,whenshecomesbackhomefromwork,shesetsaboutdoinghousework,sweepingthelivingroomandbedroomsorcleaningthefurniture,andputtingeverythinginorder.Sheseemsto
bebusyallthetime.…Motherneverbuysexpensivedressesfor
herself,butsheoftenbuyssomeinexpensivebuthighqualityclothesforus.
A.Shenevergoestoexpensiverestaurantstoenjoymeals.
B.Mymotherishard-workingandneverwastesmoney.
C.Asamother,shetakesgoodcareofusandgivesuseverycomfort.
解题技巧三:
根据词汇线索解题
词汇线索主要指利用语篇中起衔接作用的词汇或者上下文以及选项中重现的词汇或结构。
观察发现并利用这种具有启示性的词汇线索,从而能够快速准确选定正确选项,也是解答七选五题型的重要策略之一。
具体而言,词汇线索主要包括以下几种:
代词线索;
数词线索;
词汇复现;
词
汇同现;
结构复现等。
1代词线索
七选五阅读中常见的代词有:
it,one,that,they/them,this/that,these/those,everyone,everybody,each,both,all,many
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高,用于指代前文提及的人、物、事或整句概念。
凡在选项中或空格前后遇到代词,就需要考虑该代词指代上下文中的什么内容,代入选项后上下文意义是否通顺并合乎逻辑。
代词中需要特别注意人称代词、指示代词以及不定代词以及代词所指代的名词的单复数与代词的对应。
例题14:
…Thenewdesignwaswellreceivedbythereceptionstaffofthehotelchain.
Theyallbelievethatitsintroductionhasledtoamodern,
moreprofessionalcorporateimageandgreaterconfideneeamongthem.
例15:
Itisimportant,therefore,weshouldknowwhatpeopleusingourworkinghardtoimprovethestandardofourproductsinboththeseareas.
Theresearchmadebythecompanyshowsthat,aboveall
else,customersexpectfashionandvalue.
2数词线索
除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外,还可以用数据来说明一个观点。
例16
AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.
The
temperaturescanfallto
-60C,whichis60Cbelowfreezing.Inthe
capital,Ottawa,theaverageofwintertemperatureis-10
C,andin
summer21C.2TheaverageJanuarytemperature
is3C,andin
Julyitis18C.
A.Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.
B.ThewestcoastofCanadaisthewarmestplaceinwinter.
C.IntheNorth,thewintersarelongandhardwithsnowfo
rsix
months.
1C2B
3词汇复现
即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。
….因此上下文中
和正确选项中可能会复现原词、同根词、同义词、近义词、反义词等。
例17:
Youdon'
tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyouareawake
becauseyoucancontrolyourbehavior,butwhenyouareasleep
yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou
Everyonehasgottwopersonalities
——theonethatisshownto
例18:
Theimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,
theworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal
our
thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,
self-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.
A.Alwaysloveyourself.