大学语言学考试17章试题和答案Word下载.docx

大学语言学考试17章试题和答案Word下载.docx

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shaveno....√

12.AccordingtoChomsky,theword“competence”isnotlimitedtotheabilityofanidealnativespeakertoconstructandrecognize.×

13.Dualityandculturaltransmissionaretwomostimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.×

14.Chomsky'

scompetence'

andperformancearesimilarinmeaningtoSaussure’slangueandparole.√

15,Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe“bestauthors”forlanguageusage√

16.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforaofreasons.√

17.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.×

chochronic共时的

18.LangueandparoleisthefundamentaldistinctiondiscussedbyChomskyinhisAspectsoftheTheoryof

distinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguisticsasParoleandlanguage.√

20.AccordingtoChomsky,thetaskofalinguististodeterminefromthedataofperformancetheunderlyingsystemofrulesthathasbeen√

选择:

1.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalysethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobedescriptive

2.IcanrefertoConfuciuseventhoughhewasdead2000yearsago.Thisshowsthatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureofdisplacement.

3.“Don’tendasentencewithapreposition.”thisisanexampleofprescriptiverules.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostreferredtoasabranchofthestudyofmeaningin

5.Thesynchronicstudyoflanguagetakesafixedinstantasitspointofobservation.

6.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalledpragmatics.

7.ThefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageisA?

没照下图片arbitrary

8.Thedescriptiveofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.

9.题目没照下来。

答案为：

principles-and-parameterstheory

10.Chomskyusesthetermscompetencetorefertoactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguistic...

11.TransformationlGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyin1957.

12.题目没拍下来，答案morphology.

13.AccordingtoChomsky,competenceistheidealuser’sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage.

14.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuilet”.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”wellillustrateconventionalnature

15.没拍到overvariousperiodsoftime历时diachronic

16.Linguisticisthescientificstudyofhumanlanguageingenenral

17.Pragmaticsisastudyof_____（D）

A:

Languagelearning

B:

Languageacquisition

C:

Languageplanning

D:

Languageinuse

18.Alinguistisinterestedin____（B）

Whatissaid

Whatisrightbothinsyntaxandinsemantics

Whatisgrammatical

Whatoughttobesaid

19._____hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics（B）

Chomsky

B:

Saussure

20.Thefactthatthewell-knownLiuSanJiefeaturesascenceof“duige”（songdueling）mostlyforthesheerjoyofplayingon____functionoflanguage.（B）

phaticcommunion

B.recreational

emotive

informative

21.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn’tit”is____.（B）

phatic交流感情的

directive

performative

24.“Tree”inEnglish,“arbre”inFrenchand“木”inJapaneseallrefertothesamething,whichindicatesthatlanguageis_arbitrary____（任意）

25.The____functionoflanguageisprimarilytouselanguagetotalkaboutlanguageitself.（D）

performative

interpersonal

informative

D:

meta-language

26.Displacementbenefitshumanbeingsbygivingthemthepowertohandle___（B）

arbitrarinessandcreativity

generalizationsand…..

名词解释

1.Language

2.designfeatures

petence&

performance

4.language&

parole

5.Metalanguage

certainkindsoflinguisticsignsortermsfortheanalysisanddescriptionofparticularstudies.

简答题

2.Communicationcantakemanyforms,suchassign,speech,bodylanguageandfaciallanguage.Dobodylanguageandfaciallanguageexpressionshareorlackthedistinctivefeaturesofhumanlanguage?

3.DoyoupreferdescriptivelinguisticstoprescriptivelinguisticsGiveyourreasons.

第二章

单词填空

1.Consonantsoundscanbeeithervoiced-----orvoiceless清音-----,whileallvowelsoundsarevoiced-----.Voicing浊音

2.phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalled有序规则Sequentialrules

（1）anddark

（1）areallophonesofthesameonephoneme,theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations.Thustheyaresaidtobeincomplementary----distribution.

transcriptiontranscribessoundswithdiacritics,whilebroad----transcriptiondoesnot.

essentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithanyobstruction-----whenasoundisproduced.

foursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,.theyareallbilabial双唇音-----

1.insuchsoundcombinationsas/bi;

p/,/geip/and/su;

p/,thevoicelessstop/p/,occurringinthefinalposition,isunaspirated,.pronouncewithheldtosomeextent.T

2.‘Beat”and“bit”arenotaminimalpair.F

3.VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.T

4.theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmarkingthetwophonessimilar.T

5.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconsciencewithhowspeechso…T

6.whenapluralform–sisaddedtoanounthatendswithavowel,itispronouncedas{z},duetoassimilation.F

1.ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only----ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.（A）

A.kibl

B.bkil

C.ilkb

D.ilbk

2.intermsoftheplaceofarticulation.Thefollowingsounds{t}{d}{z}{s}{n}sharethefeatureof---（B）

A.palatal

B.Alveolar齿槽

C.bilabial

D.dental

3.whosecardinalvowelsystemisstillinuse（C）

A.A.J.Ellis

B.A.M.Bell

C.DanielJones

D.A.C.Gimson

4.whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabial双唇stop（A）

A[p]

B[m]

C[b]

D[t]

5.AccordingtoridiculeofEnglishorthographythenon-existentwordghoticanbepronouncedinthesamewayas____.（C）

A.Goat

B.Hot

C.Fish

D.Foot

6.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectdescriptionof[v]（B）

A.Voicelesslabiodentalfricative

B.Voicedlabiodentalfricative浊音唇齿摩擦

C.Voicelesslabiodentalstop

D.Voicedlabiodentalstop

7.____isasoundproducedbybringingthetipofthetongueintocontactwiththeupperteethtocreatetheobstruction.（A）

A.Analveolar齿槽音

B.Abilabial

C.Apalatal

D.Adental

8.________isnotanEnglishconsonant.（A）

A.Labio-dentalplosive

B.Alveolarnasal

C.Velarstop

D.Dentalfricative

9.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintostops,fricatives,nasals,termsof_____.（A）

A.mannerofarticulation

B.Opennessofmouth

C.Placeofarticulation

D.Voicing

10.______isnotadistinctivefeatureinEnglishphonology.（D）

A.Nasality

B.Voicing

C.Aspiration

D.Rounding

11.Thechoiceofanallophoneinagivenphoneticcontextis_____

A.Random

B.Predictable

C.Variable

D.Independent

12.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:

13._______isnotasuprasegmentalfeature.（A）

A.Aspiration

B.Intonation

C.Stress

D.Tone

International

Association

Phonology

Voicing

Vowel&

consonant

Phonetic

Phoneme&

allophone

Maximalonsetprinciple

分析

3.Analyzethedatabelow,andthenanswersomequestions.

A.fivepast[faivpa;

st]----[faifpa;

st]

B.Loveto[l^vt

C.Hasto

D.Ascanbeshown

E.Losefive-nil

F.Edgetoedge

（1）Whatrulesofphonologicalprocessesdoyoufind?

（2）BycomparisonwithNasalizationrule:

[-nasal][+nasal]/____[+nasal].Dentalizationrule:

[-dental][dental]/____[dental],andVelarizationrule:

[-velar][+velar]/____[+velar],canyougiveamoregeneraltermthatcoversalltherulesmentionedabove?

2.Thephonologicalfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofindividualsoundsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeature.Discussthemainsuprasegmentalfeatures,illustratingwithexampleshowtheyfunctioninthedistinctionofmeaning

第三章

21.Freemorpheme

2.Arootisoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcan