大学语言学考试17章试题和答案Word下载.docx

1、s have no . 12. According to Chomsky, the word “competence” is not limited to the ability of an ideal native speaker to construct and recognize.13. Duality and cultural transmission are two most important design features of human language.14. Chomskys competence and performance are similar in meanin

2、g to Saussures langue and parole. 15,An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the“best authors”for language usage 16. In modern ling

3、uistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a of reasons.17. Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic. chochronic共时的18. Langue and parole is the fundamental distinction discussed by Chomsky in his Aspects of the Theory of distinguished the linguistic c

4、ompetence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as Parole and language. 20. According to Chomsky, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been 选择:1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyse the lan

5、guage people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be descriptive2. I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2000 years ago. This shows that language has the design feature of displacement.3. “Dont end a sentence with a preposition.” this is a

6、n example of prescriptive rules.4. Which of the following is most referred to as a branch of the study of meaning in 5. The synchronic study of language takes a fixed instant as its point of observation.6. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sente

7、nces is called pragmatics.7. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is A?没照下图片arbitrary8.The descriptive of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study.9.题目没照下来。答案为：principles-and-parameters theory10. Chomsky uses

8、the terms competence to refer to actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic.11.Transformationl Generative Grammar was introduced by in 1957.12.题目没拍下来，答案morphology.13. According to Chomsky, competence is the ideal users internalized knowledge of his la

9、nguage.14. The famous quotation from Shakespeares play “Romeo and Juilet”. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” well illustrate conventional nature 15.没拍到over various periods of time 历时diachronic16. Linguistic is the scientific study of human language in genenral 17. Pragmatics is a study

10、 of _ （D） A: Language learning B: Language acquisition C: Language planning D: Language in use18. A linguist is interested in _ （B） What is said What is right both in syntax and in semantics What is grammatical What ought to be said19. _ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguisti

11、cs （B） Chomsky B: Saussure20. The fact that the well-known Liu San Jie features a scence of “dui ge ” （song dueling ） mostly for the sheer joy of playing on _ function of language. （B） phatic communion B. recreational emotive informative21. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isnt it” is _. （B

12、） phatic交流感情的 directive performative24. “Tree” in English, “arbre” in French and “木” in Japanese all refer to the same thing, which indicates that language is _arbitrary_ （任意）25. The _ function of language is primarily to use language to talk about language itself. （D） performative interpersonal inf

13、ormative D: meta-language26. Displacement benefits human beings by giving them the power to handle _（B） arbitrariness and creativity generalizations and .名词解释1.Language 2.design featurespetence & performance4.language & parole5.Metalanguagecertain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis

14、and description of particular studies. 简答题2. Communication can take many forms, such as sign, speech, body language and facial language. Do body language and facial language expression share or lack the distinctive features of human language?3. Do you prefer descriptive linguistics to prescriptive l

15、inguistics Give your reasons. 第二章单词填空1.Consonant sounds can be either voiced- or voiceless清音-, while all vowel sounds are voiced-. Voicing浊音2.phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called 有序规则Sequential rules （1） and dark （1） are allophones of the same

16、one phoneme, they never take the same position in sound combinations. Thus they are said to be in complementary- distribution. transcription transcribes sounds with diacritics, while broad- transcription does not. essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from t

17、he lungs meets with any obstruction- when a sound is produced. four sounds /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, . they are all bilabial双唇音-1.in such sound combinations as /bi;p/, /geip/ and /su;p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, . pronounce with

18、held to some extent. T2.Beat” and “bit” are not a minimal pair. F3.Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. T4.the assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus marking the two phones similar.

19、T5.A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more conscience with how speech soT6.when a plural form s is added to a noun that ends with a vowel, it is pronounced as z, due to assimilation. F1.of the follow

20、ing sound combinations, only -is permissible according to the sequential rules in English. （A）A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk2.in terms of the place of articulation. The following sounds t dzsn share the feature of - （B）A.palatalB.Alveolar齿槽C.bilabialD.dental3.whose cardinal vowel system is still in use （C

21、）A.A. J. EllisB.A. M. BellC.Daniel JonesD.A. C. Gimson4. which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial 双唇stop （A）Ap BmCbDt5. According to ridicule of English orthography the non-existent word ghoti can be pronounced in the same way as _. （C）A.GoatB.HotC.FishD.Foot6.Which of the following is

22、the correct description of v （B）A. Voiceless labiodental fricativeB. Voiced labiodental fricative浊音 唇齿 摩擦C. Voiceless labiodental stopD. Voiced labiodental stop7._is a sound produced by bringing the tip of the tongue into contact with the upper teeth to create the obstruction. （A）A.An alveolar 齿槽音B.

23、A bilabialC.A palatalD.A dental8._is not an English consonant. （A）A.Labio-dental plosiveB.Alveolar nasalC.Velar stopD.Dental fricative9.English consonants can be classified into stops,fricatives,nasals, terms of _. （A）A.manner of articulationB.Openness of mouthC.Place of articulationD.Voicing10._is

24、not a distinctive feature in English phonology. （D）A. NasalityB. Voicing C. AspirationD. Rounding11.The choice of an allophone in a given phonetic context is _A. RandomB. PredictableC. VariableD. Independent12.The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic fea

25、tures:13._is not a suprasegmental feature. （A）A.AspirationB.IntonationC.StressD.ToneInternationalAssociationPhonologyVoicing Vowel &consonantPhoneticPhoneme&allophoneMaximal onset principle分析3. Analyze the data below, and then answer some questions.A.five past faivpa;st-faifpa;stB.Love to lvtC.Has t

26、oD.As can be shownE.Lose five-nilF.Edge to edge（1） What rules of phonological processes do you find?（2） By comparison with Nasalization rule:-nasal +nasal/_+nasal. Dentalization rule: -dental dental/_dental, and Velarization rule: -velar +velar/_+velar, can you give a more general term that covers a

27、ll the rules mentioned above?2. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental feature. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning第三章21. Free morpheme2. A root is often seen as part of a word, but it can