减速机详细的选型计算及练习Word文件下载.docx
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∙计算器(Pocketcalculator)
∙Lenze选型手册(Lenzecatalogues)
∙Lenze公式集(Lenzeformulacollection)
3
练习(Exercises)
3.1设计形式为M的Lenze减速电机的选型(GearedmotordesignM)
减速电机按S2方式进行传动(运行时间=10min),此时,可采用常规运行方式。
[AgearedmotoristodrivealoadinS2operation(operatingtime=10min).Inthiscase,aregularoperationisgiven.]
具体数据(Detaileddata):
转矩(Processtorque):
M2=580Nm
速度(Processspeed):
n2=100rev/min
主电压(Mainsvoltage):
VMains=400V
主电源频率(Mainsfrequency):
fMains=50Hz
运行时间(Operatingtime/day):
8h
所需部件(Searchedcomponents):
Lenze异步电机(Lenzeasynchronousmotor)
GST减速器(GearboxGST)
3.2设计形式为N的Lenze减速电机的选型(GearedmotordesignN)
M2=580Nm
n2=100rev/min
注:
N型减速器可用于IEC连接,作为规则连接,该型电机应为外置式。
为便于计算,可选用Lenze电机。
(Note:
TypeNisdesignedformotorswithanIECconnection.Asaruletheseareexternalmotors.Tomakecalculatingeasier,Lenzemotorscanbeusedforthiscalculation.)
3.3制动单元1(Brakingunit1)
Process:
利用伺服控制对圆柱型固体进行加速及制动的驱动特性如上图所示。
(Asolidcylinderisacceleratedandbrakedbyaservodriveasshownintheabovecharacteristic.)
圆柱体质量(Massofthecylinder):
m=2kg
圆柱体半径(Radiusofthecylinder):
r=0.25m
摩擦转矩(rictiontorque):
MFriction=3Nm
最大速度(Max.speed):
n=2500rpm
加速时间(Accelerationtime):
t1=2s
延迟时间(Delaytime):
t3=1s
静止周期(Restperiod):
t4=1s
循环周期(Cycletime):
T=7s
电机功效(Efficiencyofthemotor):
ηMotor=0.8
电机转动惯量(Momentofinertiaofthemotor):
JMotor=10kgcm2
变频器功耗(Powerlossoftheinverter):
PV=260W
需选择(Searchedcomponents):
制动单元(Brakingunit,resistor)
转矩及功率曲线(Torqueandpowerprofile)
3.4制动单元2(Brakingunit2)
电机(Motor):
两台37kW电机,忽略功效(安全预留)[2motorswith37kWefficiencyneglected(safetyreserve)]
控制器(Controller):
两台EVF9200ES,忽略功耗(安全预留)[2piecesoftheEVF9330-ESpowerlossneglected(safetyreserve)]
质量(Mass):
m=130,000kg
高度(Height):
h=55m
速度(Speed):
v=3m/min
接触倾角(Nocontactbevelangle)=0°
应用范围:
(Application:
Hoistwithoutcounter-weight.)
制动单元,制动电阻(Brakingunit,resistor)
3.5传动轴(Spindle)
应用(Application):
传动轴用于延固定轨迹传送一刚体,此时,传动往复路径是一致的,刚体安装在导轨上。
(Thespindleistomoveamassofsteelaccordingtoaspecifiedprofile.Inthiscase,thereturntripisthesame.Themassismountedonrails.)
材料质量(Materialmass):
1.5t
前进距离(Forwardfeeddistance):
240mm
传动轴材料(Spindlematerial):
钢(steel)
传动轴倾度(Spindlepitch):
10mm
传动轴摩擦直径(Spindlefrictiondiameter):
28mm
传动轴类型(Spindletype):
球轴承(ballbearingspindle)
传动轴长度(Spindlelength):
900mm
传输速度(Traversingspeed):
12m/min
0.3sto0.5s
0.1s
与导轨之前的摩擦系数(Frictioncoefficientoftherails):
μb=0.02
异步电机(不带减速器)[Asynchronousmotor(withoutgearbox)]
变频器(矢量型)[Frequencyinverter(vector)]
制动斩波器,制动电阻(Brakechopper,resistor0
4
练习答案(Solutions)
4.1设计形式为M的Lenze减速电机的选型(GearedmotordesignM)
求传输功率(Calculationoftheprocesspower)
(4.1)
求kS2=1.4且ηGearbox,initial=0.95时所需的电机功率:
(CalculationoftherequiredmotorpowerwithkS2=1.4andηGearbox,initial=0.95)
(4.2)
根据主电源数据选择电机电压及频率(Motorvoltageandmotorfrequencycorrespondtothemainsdata.)
可选择4极异步电机:
112-32(A4-poleasynchronousmotorisselected:
112-32.)
电机型号(Motorsize)
PN
nr
Ir
IA/Ir
V*
fr
cosϕ
η
Mr
Mstall
MA
J
[kW]
[min-1]
[A]
[V]Y/∆
[Hz]
[%]
[Nm]
[NM]
[10-3kgm2]
112-32
5.5
1440
12.5
8.0
-/4002)
50
0.78
89
36.5
138.7
105.9
22.8
供电电压:
400V,连接方式:
角接(Deltainterconnectionwith400V.)
求减速器速比(Calculationofthesetpointgearboxratio):
(4.3)
负载等级为I。
(LoadclassIisdefined.)
由于在S2方式下运行10分钟,故每小时开关次数很少。
(ThenumberofoperationsperhourisverysmallbecauseoftheS2operationof10minutes.)
运行因子最大为0.9。
(Thisleadstoanoperationfactorkofmax.0.9.)
根据《G-motionconst》手册中14.286.c=1.3查出iactual(SelectionofiactualintheG_Motionconstcatalogueof14.286.c=1.3.)
此时(Inthiscase):
ckGST07-2M
若所需传递的转矩传至电机侧,则结果为ηGearbox=0.97
(Iftherequestedprocesstorqueistransformedtothemotorside,theresultisasfollows:
ηGearbox=0.97)
(4.4)
可根据电机的运行值求出C。
(Ccouldberecalculatedbasedontheoperatingpointofthemotor.)
(4.5)
为校核启动转矩,必须将M2*作为MA,为获得充足的加速裕量,必须确保在所额定值下都能启动:
(MA.Tocheckthestartingtorque,M2*hastobecomparedtoMA.Startingisatanyrateensuredbecausesufficientaccelerationreservesareavailable.)
S2方式下允许的电机转矩为:
(ThepermissibletorqueofthemotorforS2-operationis)
(4.6)
电机不会过载。
(Themotorisnotoverloaded.)
4.2设计形式为N的Lenze减速电机的选型(GearedmotordesignN)
求传输功率(Calculationoftheprocesspower)
(4.7)
(4.8)
(4.9)
在《G_Motionconst》手册中查阅N型减速器数据,查出iactual。
(SelectionofiactualintheG_MotionconstcataloguedesignN.)
特性(Characteristics):
∙M2perm
∙n1
∙IEC连接(IEC-connection)
iactual=14.286GST07-2N
M2perm=624NmM2*k
(4.10)
为校核启动转矩,必须将M2*作为MA,为获得充足的加速裕量,必须确保在所有额定值下都能启动:
(4.11)
4.3制动单元1(Brakingunit1)
求转动惯量(Calculationofthemomentofinertia)
下式适于圆柱固体转动惯量的计算(Forasolidcylinderthefollowingformulaapplies):
从而可得(Asaresultthetotalinertiais)
(4.12)
(4.13)
运动学分析:
(Kinematics)
延迟Delay:
(4.14)
制动时,动态传输转矩按下式计算:
(Whenbraking,thedynamicprocesstorqueiscalculatedasfollows)
(4.15)
总制动转矩(Thetotalbrakingtorque)
(4.16)
相应的制动功率峰值:
(Thecorrespondingpeakbrakepoweroftheprocess)
(4.17)
直流母线上的制动功率:
(ThepeakbrakepowerattheDCbusis)
(4.18)
连续制动功率:
(Calculationofthecontinuousbrakingpower)
(4.19)
由于制动功率是连续的,因此不允许使用制动模块,必须使用制动斩波器。
(Duetothecontinuousbrakingpower,itisnotpossibletouseabrakingmodule.Thebrakingchopper9352hastobeused.)
制动电阻最大值按下式计算:
(Themaximumbrakingresistoriscalculatedasfollows)
(4.20)
制动电阻最小值(Calculationoftheminimumbrakingresistor)
(4.21)
求制动电阻热容量:
(Calculationoftherequiredthermalcapacitanceoftheresistor)
(4.22)
制动电阻值必须介于RBrake,min和RBrake,max之间,且其热容量应大于所需制动能量,但是,制动电阻必须满足连续制动及制动功率峰值要求。
(TheresistorvaluemustbebetweenRBrake,minandRBrake,maxandhaveahigherthermalcapacitancethanthebrakingenergyrequired.Moreover,itmustbeabletohandlethecontinuousandpeakpower.)
结论:
制动电阻值RBrake=180Ω(Asaresult,thefollowingresistorcanbeused:
RBrake=180Ω)
4.4
制动单元2(Brakingunit2)
驱动所需时间:
(Timerequiredforonedrive)
制动运行时,发电模式产生的功率为:
(Whenmovingdownwardsagenerator-modepowerof)
此时,制动功率持续上升,必须使用多台控制斩波器。
(Thebrakingpowerarisescontinuouslyandhastobedissipatedbyseveralbrakingchoppers.)
9352制动斩波器可处理19kW连续制动功率,这意味着需4台9352。
[Thebrakingchopper9352canhandle19kWcontinuously.Thismeansthatatotalof4brakingchoppersareneeded.Eachchopperhastodissipateaquarter(approx.16
kW)ofthetotalpower.]
每台制动斩波器配备的制动电阻值为:
(Thecorrespondingbrakingresistorperchopperiscalculatedasfollows)
又因为电阻的阻值应在18
到32.85
之间,同时,制动电阻应可消耗16kW连续制动功率。
(Theminimumbrakingresistoris18.Theselectedresistorvalueshouldbebetween18
and32.85
.Moreover,thebrakingresistormustbeabletohandle16kWcontinuously.)
可行方案为将6支18
电阻按下图混联。
(Apossi‰blesolutionisagroupconnectionofatotalofsix18
resistors.)
总制动电阻值为:
(Inthiscase,twotimes3resistorshavetobeconnectedin