第四版语言学教程答案Word下载.docx
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sdistinctionandchomsky'
sareverysimilar,but
theydifferinthat.a.
saussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguagewhilechomsky
tookapsychologicalpointofview
b.saussuretookapsychologicalviewoflanguagewhile
chomskytookasociologicalpointof
view
c.saussuretookapragmaticviewoflanguagewhilechomsky
tookasemanticpointofview
d.saussuretookastructuralviewoflanguagewhilechomsky
tookapragmaticpointofview
2.languageisasystemofvocalsymbolsused
forhumancommunication.a.
unnaturalb.artificial
c.superficiald.arbitrary
3.wearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,
a.andthedetailsofanylanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted
b.therefore,weneedn'
tlearnthedetailsofourmothertongue
c.butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobelearnt.
d.andthedetailsareacquiredbyinstinct
4.a(n)isaphonologicalunitofdistinctivevalue.itis
acollectionofdistinctive
phoneticfeatures.a.phoneb.allophonec.phonemed.sound
5.themorpheme-edintheword“worked”isa(n)
morpheme.a.derivational
b.inflectional
c.freed.word-forming
6.wh-movementisinenglishwhichchangesa
sentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.a.obligatoryb.optional
c.selectionald.arbitrary
7.namingtheory,oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,wasproposedby
.a.griceb.platoc.saussured.ogdenandrichards
8.“johnmarriedablondheiress.”“johnmarrieda
blond.”a.issynonymouswith
b.isinconsistentwith
c.entailsd.presupposes
9.insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled,whichisthe
abstractionofthemeaningofasentence.a.utteranceb.reference
c.predicationd.morpheme
10.inaustin'
sspeechacttheory,istheactof
expressingthespeaker'
sintention;
it
istheactperformedinsayingsomething.a.aperlocutionaryactb.alocutionaryact
c.aconstativeactd.anillocutionaryact第二部分非选择题
ii.directions:
fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.notethatyouaretofillinonewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%x10=10%)
11.prelatesthestudyoflanguageto
psychology.itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleuselanguage.
12.adstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;
studiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.
13.languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.atthelowerlevel,
thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberof
meaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel.thisdesignfeatureiscalledd.
14.thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:
thepharyngealcavity,theocavityandthenasalcavity.
15.thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledl.
16.sfeaturessuchasstress,toneand
intonationcaninfluencetheinterpretationofmeaning.
17.phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirrproperties.
18.hreferstothephenomenonthatwordshaving
differentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.
19.someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep
theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.
iii.directions:
judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.putatfortrueorfforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%x10=20%)
()21.linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.
()22.languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.
()23.theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.
()24.themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinenglishbecauseenglish,unlikechinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.
()25.thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.
()26.whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind'
seyeeverytimewecome
acrossalinguisticsymbol.
()27.allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.
forexample,“goodmorning!
”canberestoredto“iwishyoua
goodmorning.”
()28.twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.
()29.blackenglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardenglishbecauseblackenglishisnotassystematicasstandardenglish.
()30.anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.
iv.directions:
explainthefollowingterms.(3%x10=30%)
31.parole:
32.broadtranscription:
33.allophones:
34.phrasestructurerules:
35.context
36.historicallinguistics:
37.standardlanguage:
38.linguistictaboo:
39.acculturation:
40.care-takerspeech:
v.answerthefollowingquestions.(10%x2=20%)
41.enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.
42.englishhasundergonetremendouschangessinceitsanglo-saxondays.identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajorhistoricaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext.
英语语言学试卷答案
(一)第一部分选择题
readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthelettera,b,cordinthebrackets.(2%x10=20%)
1.a2.d3.c4.c5.b6.a7.b8.c9.c10.d第二部分非选择题
ii.directions:
fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.notethatyouaretofillinonewordonly,andyouarenot
【篇二:
语言学课后答案4】
thestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaysdifferentconstituentsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orthestudyoftheinterrelationshipsbetweenelementsinsentencestructures.
co-occurrence:
itmeansthatwordsofdifferentsetsofclausesmaypermit,orrequire,theoccurrenceofawordofanothersetorclasstoformasentenceoraparticularpartofasentence.forinstance,whatcanprecedeanoun(dog)isusuallythedeterminersandadjectives,andwhatcanfollowitwhenittakesthepositionofsubjectwillbepredicatorssuchasbark,bite,run,etc.inshort,cooccurrenceisthesyntacticenvironmentinwhichaconstruction,withitsrelevantelements,canappeargrammaticallyandconventionally.thusrelationsofco-occurrencepartlybelongtosyntagmaticrelations,partlytoparadigmaticrelations.
—the
construction:
itreferstoanysyntacticconstructwhichisassignedoneormoreconventionalfunctionsinalanguage,togetherwithwhateverislinguisticallyconventionalizedaboutitscontributiontothemeaningoruseconstructcontains.itcanbefurtherdividedintotheexternalandinternalproperties.takesentencetheboykickedtheballasanexample,wewilldeterminetheexternalsyntaxasanindependentclause,whilenp(—theboyII),vp(—kickedII)andnp(
ball||)willbeassignedrespectivelytothedifferentelementsinthisclause.
constituent:
constituentisatermusedinstructuralsentenceanalysisforeverylinguisticunit,whichisapartofalarger
linguisticunit.severalconstituentstogetherformaconstruction:
forexample,inthesentencetheboyatetheapple,s(a),theboy(b),atetheapple(c),eachpartisaconstituent.constituentscanbejoinedtogetherwithotherconstituentstoformlargerunits.iftwoconstituents,inthecaseoftheexampleabove,b(theboy)andc(atetheapple),arejoinedtoforma
hierarchicallyhigherconstituenta(—sII,hereasentence),
thenbandcaresaidtobeimmediateconstituentsofa.
endocentric:
endocentricconstructionisonewhosedistributionis
functionallyequivalenttothatofoneormoreofitsconstituents,i.e.,awordoragroupofwords,whichservesasadefinablecentreorhead.inthephrasetwoprettygirls,girlsisthecentreorheadofthisphraseorwordgroup.
exocentric:
exocentricconstructionreferstoagroupofsyntacticallyrelatedwordswherenoneofthewordsisfunctionallyequivalenttothegroupasawhole,thatis,thereisnodefinablecentreorheadinsidethegroup.exocentricconstructionusuallyincludesbasicsentence,prepositionalphrase,predicate(verb+object)construction,andconnective(be+complement)construction.inthesentenceawhole.
coordination:
acommonsyntacticpatterninenglishandotherlanguagesisformedbygroupingtogethertwoormorecategoriesofthesametypewiththehelpofaconjunctionsuchasand,butoror.thisphenomenonisknownascoordination.intheconstructiontheladyorthetiger,bothnpstheladyandthetigerhaveequivalentsyntacticstatus,eachoftheseparateconstituentscanstandfortheoriginalconstructionfunctionally.
subordination:
subordinationreferstotheprocessorresultoflinkinglinguisticunitssothattheyh