1、 s distinction and chomsky s are very similar, butthey differ in that . a.saussure took a sociological view of language while chomskytook a psychological point of viewb.saussure took a psychological view of language whilechomsky took a sociological point ofviewc.saussure took a pragmatic view of lan
2、guage while chomskytook a semantic point of viewd.saussure took a structural view of language while chomskytook a pragmatic point of view2.language is a system of vocal symbols usedfor human communication. a.unnatural b. artificialc. superficiald. arbitrary3.we are born with the ability to acquire l
3、anguage,a.and the details of any language system are genetically transmittedb.therefore, we needn t learn the details of our mother tonguec.but the details of language have to be learnt.d. and the details are acquired by instinct4.a(n) is a phonological unit of distinctive value. it isa collection o
4、f distinctivephonetic features. a. phone b. allophone c. phoneme d. sound5.the morpheme - ed in the word “ worked ” is a(n) morpheme. a. derivationalb. inflectionalc. free d. word-forming6.wh-movement is in english which changes asentence from affirmative to interrogative. a. obligatoryb. optionalc.
5、 selectional d. arbitrary7.naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by . a. griceb. plato c. saussured. ogden and richards8.“ john married a blond heiress. ” “ john married ablond. ” a. is synonymous withb. is inconsistent withc. entails d. presupposes9.in semantic a
6、nalysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called , which is theabstraction of the meaning of a sentence. a. utterance b. referencec. predicationd. morpheme10.in austin s speech act theory, is the act ofexpressing the speaker s intention; itis the act performed in saying something. a. a perlocutionary
7、 act b. a locutionary actc. a constative actd. an illocutionary act 第二部分 非选择题ii.directions: fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. note that you are to fill in one word only, and you are not allowed to change the let
8、ter given. (1%x10=10%)11. p relates the study of language topsychology. it aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language.12.a d study of language is a historical study;studies the historical development of language over a period of time.13.language is a system, w
9、hich consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. at the lower level,there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number ofmeaningful units at the higher level. this design feature is called d .14.the articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in thr
10、ee important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the o cavity and the nasal cavity.15.the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l .16.s features such as stress, tone andintonation can influence the interpretation of meaning.17.phrase structure
11、 rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length, due to their r properties.18.h refers to the phenomenon that words havingdifferent meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.19.some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and c
12、lassify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.iii.directions: judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. put a t for true or f for false in the brackets in front of e
13、ach statement. (2%x10=20%)( ) 21. linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( ) 22. language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.( ) 23. th
14、e conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.( ) 24. the meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in english because english, unlike chinese, is a typical tone language.( ) 25. the syntactic rules of any lang
15、uage are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.( ) 26. when we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind s eye every time we comeacross a linguistic symbol.( ) 27.
16、 all utterances can be restored to complete sentences.for example, “ good morning! ” can be restored to “ i wish you agood morning. ”( ) 28. two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.( ) 29.
17、 black english is linguistically inferior to standard english because black english is not as systematic as standard english.( ) 30. any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.iv.directions: explain t
18、he following terms. (3%x10=30%)31.parole:32.broad transcription:33.allophones:34.phrase structure rules:35.context36.historical linguistics:37.standard language: 38.linguistic taboo:39.acculturation:40.care-taker speech:v.answer the following questions. (10%x2=20%)41.enumerate three causes that lead
19、 to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.42.english has undergone tremendous changes since its anglo-saxon days. identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period t
20、o the next.英语语言学试卷答案(一 ) 第一部分 选择题 read each of the following statements carefully. decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter a, b, c or d in the brackets. (2%x10=20%)1.a 2. d 3. c 4. c 5.b 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. d 第二部分 非选择题ii. directions: fill in the blank
21、 in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. note that you are to fill in one word only, and you are not【篇二:语言学课后答案 4】the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the stu
22、dy of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structures.co-occurrence: it means that words of different sets of clauses may permit, or require, the occurrence of a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence. for instance, what can precede a noun (
23、dog) is usually the determiners and adjectives, and what can follow it when it takes the position of subject will be predicators such as bark, bite, run, etc. in short, cooccurrence is the syntactic environment in which a construction, with its relevant elements, can appear grammatically and convent
24、ionally. thus relations of co-occurrence partly belong to syntagmatic relations, partly to paradigmatic relations. theconstruction: it refers to any syntactic construct which is assigned one or more conventional functions in a language, together with whatever is linguistically conventionalized about
25、 its contribution to the meaning or use construct contains. it can be further divided into the external and internal properties. take sentence the boy kicked the ball as an example, we will determine the external syntax as an independent clause, while np ( the boy II ), vp ( kicked II ) and np (ball
26、 | ) will be assigned respectively to the different elements in this clause.constituent: constituent is a term used in structural sentence analysis for every linguistic unit, which is a part of a largerlinguistic unit. several constituents together form a construction: for example, in the sentence t
27、he boy ate the apple, s (a), the boy (b), ate the apple(c), each part is a constituent. constituents can be joined together with other constituents to form larger units. if two constituents, in the case of the example above, b (the boy) and c (ate the apple), are joined to form ahierarchically highe
28、r constituent a ( s II , here a sentence),then b and c are said to be immediate constituents of a.endocentric: endocentric construction is one whose distribution isfunctionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre
29、 or head. in the phrase two pretty girls, girls is the centre or head of this phrase or word group.exocentric: exocentric construction refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable centre or
30、 head inside the group. exocentric construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional phrase, predicate (verb + object) construction, and connective (be + complement) construction. in the sentence a whole.coordination: a common syntactic pattern in english and other languages is formed by g
31、rouping together two or more categories of the same type with the help of a conjunction such as and, but or or. this phenomenon is known as coordination. in the construction the lady or the tiger, both nps the lady and the tiger have equivalent syntactic status, each of the separate constituents can stand for the original construction functionally.subordination: subordination refers to the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they h
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