Technical Overview of Windows Server Clustering ServicesWhite PaperWord下载.docx

Technical Overview of Windows Server Clustering ServicesWhite PaperWord下载.docx

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Contents

ServerClusters6

General6

LargerClusterSizes6

64-BitSupport6

TerminalServerApplicationMode6

MajorityNodeSet（MNS）Clusters7

Installation7

InstalledbyDefault7

Pre-configurationAnalysis8

DefaultValues8

MultiNodeAddition8

ExtensibleArchitecture8

RemoteAdministration9

CommandLineTools9

SimplerUninstallation9

QuorumLogSize9

LocalQuorum9

QuorumSelection10

Integration10

ActiveDirectory10

ExtendClusterSharedDiskPartitions11

Resources11

PrinterConfiguration11

MSDTCConfiguration12

Scripting12

MSMQTriggers12

NetworkEnhancements12

EnhancedNetworkFailover12

MediaSenseDetection13

MulticastHeartbeat13

Storage13

VolumeMountPoints13

ClientSideCaching（CSC）14

DistributedFileSystem14

EncryptedFileSystem15

StorageAreaNetworks（SAN）15

Operations15

BackupandRestore15

EnhancedNodeFailover15

GroupAffinitySupport16

NodeEviction16

RollingUpgrades16

QueuedChanges16

DiskChanges17

PasswordChange17

ResourceDeletion17

WMISupport17

SupportingandTroubleshooting18

Offline/FailureReasonCodes18

SoftwareTracing18

ClusterLogs18

EventLog19

Clusdiag19

ChkdskLog19

DiskCorruption19

NetworkLoadBalancing21

NetworkLoadBalancingManager21

VirtualClusters21

Multi-NICsupport22

Bi-directionalAffinity22

LimitingswitchfloodingusingIGMPsupport23

ServerClusters

NOTE:

ServerclustersisageneraltermusedtodescribeclustersbasedontheMicrosoft®

ClusterService（MSCS）,asopposedtoclustersbasedonNetworkLoadBalancing.

General

LargerClusterSizes

MicrosoftWindows®

Server2003EnterpriseEditionnowsupports8-nodeclusters（wastwo）,andWindowsServer2003DatacenterEditionnowsupports8-nodeclusters（wasfour）.

Benefits

∙GreaterFlexibility–thisprovidesmuchmoreflexibilityinhowapplicationscanbedeployedonaServercluster.Applicationsthatsupportmultipleinstancescanrunmoreinstancesacrossmorenodes;

multipleapplicationscanbedeployedonasingleServerclusterwithmuchmoreflexibilityandcontroloverthesemanticsif/whenanodefailsoristakendownformaintenance.

64-BitSupport

The64-bitversionsofWindowsServer2003EnterpriseEditionandDatacenterEditionsupportClusterService.

∙LargeMemoryNeeds–MicrosoftSQLServer™2000EnterpriseEdition（64-bit）isoneexampleofanapplicationthatcanmakeuseoftheincreasedmemoryspaceof64-bitWindowsServer2003（upto4TB–Windows2000Datacenteronlysupportsupto64GB）,whileatthesametimetakingadvantageofclustering.Thisprovidesanincrediblypowerfulplatformforthemostcomputerintensiveapplications,whileensuringhighavailabilityofthoseapplications.

GUIDPartitionTable（GPT）disks,anewdiskarchitectureinWindowsServer2003thatsupportsupto18exabytedisks,isnotsupportedwithServerclusters.

TerminalServerApplicationMode

TerminalServercanruninapplicationmodeonnodesinaServercluster.NOTE:

ThereisnofailoverofTerminalServersessions.

∙HighAvailability-TerminalServerdirectoryservicecanbemadehighlyavailablethroughfailover.

MajorityNodeSet（MNS）Clusters

WindowsServer2003hasanoptionalquorumresourcethatdoesnotrequireadiskonasharedbusforthequorumdevice.Thisfeatureisdesignedtobebuiltintolargerend-to-endsolutionsbyOEMs,IHVsandothersoftwarevendorsratherthanbedeployedbyend-usersspecifically,althoughthisispossibleforexperiencedusers.Thescenariostargetedbythisnewfeatureinclude:

∙Geographicallydispersedclusters.Thismechanismprovidesasingle,Microsoft-suppliedquorumresourcethatisindependentofanystoragesolutionforageographicallydispersedormulti-sitecluster.NOTE:

ThereisaseparateclusterHardwareCompatibilityList（HCL）forgeographicclusters.

∙Low-costorappliance-likehighlyavailablesolutionsthathavenoshareddisksbutuseothertechniquessuchaslogshippingorsoftwarediskorfilesystemreplicationandmirroringtomakedataavailableonmultiplenodesinthecluster.

WindowsServer2003providesnomechanismtomirrororreplicateuserdataacrossthenodesofanMNScluster,sowhileitispossibletobuildclusterswithnoshareddisksatall,itisanapplicationspecificissuetomaketheapplicationdatahighlyavailableandredundantacrossmachines.

∙StorageAbstraction–freesupthestoragesubsystemtomanagedatareplicationbetweenmultiplesitesinthemostappropriateway,withouthavingtoworryaboutasharedquorumdisk,andatthesametimestillsupportingtheideaofasinglevirtualcluster.

∙NoSharedDisks–therearesomescenariosthatrequiretightlyconsistentclusterfeatures,yetdonotrequireshareddisks.Forexample,a）clusterswheretheapplicationkeepsdataconsistentbetweennodes（e.g.databaselogshippingandfilereplicationforrelativelystaticdata）,andb）clustersthathostapplicationsthathavenopersistentdata,butneedtocooperateinatightlycoupledwaytoprovideconsistentvolatilestate.

∙EnhancedRedundancy–ifthesharedquorumdiskiscorruptedinanyway,theentireclustergoesoffline.WithMajorityNodeSets,thecorruptionofquorumononenodedoesnotbringtheentireclusteroffline.

Installation

InstalledbyDefault

Clusteringisinstalledbydefault.YouonlyneedtoconfigureaClusterbylaunchingClusterAdministratororscripttheconfigurationwithCluster.exe.Inaddition,third-partyquorumresourcescanbepre-installedandthenselectedduringServerclusterconfiguration,ratherthanhavingadditionalresourcespecificprocedures.AllServerclusterconfigurationscanbedeployedthesameway.

∙EasierAdministration–younolongerneedtoprovideamediaCDtoinstallServerclusters.

∙Noreboot–younolongerneedtorebootafteryouinstalloruninstallClusterService.

Pre-configurationAnalysis

Analyzesandverifieshardwareandsoftwareconfigurationandidentifiespotentialproblems.Providesacomprehensiveandeasy-to-readreportonanypotentialconfigurationissuesbeforetheServerclusteriscreated.

∙Compatability–Ensuresthatanyknownincompatibilitiesaredetectedpriortoconfiguration.Forexample,ServiceforMacintosh（SFM）,NetworkLoadBalancing（NLB）,dynamicdisks,andDHCPissuedaddressesarenotsupportedwithClusterService.

DefaultValues

CreatesaServerclusterthatconformstobestpracticesusingdefaultvaluesandheuristics.ManytimesfornewlycreatedServerclusters,thedefaultvaluesarethemostappropriateconfiguration.

∙EasierAdministration–Serverclustercreationasksfewersetupquestions,dataiscollectedandthecodemakesdecisionsabouttheconfiguration.Thegoalistogeta“default”ServerclusterupandrunningthatcanthenbecustomizedusingtheServerclusteradministrationtoolsifrequired.

MultiNodeAddition

AllowsmultiplenodestobeaddedtoaServerclusterinasingleoperation.

∙EasierAdministration–makesitquickerandeasiertocreatemulti-nodeServerclusters.

ExtensibleArchitecture

ExtensiblearchitectureallowsapplicationsandsystemcomponentstotakepartinServerclusterconfiguration.Forexample,applicationscanbeinstalledpriortoaserverbeingserverclusteredandtheapplicationcanparticipatein（orevenblock）thisnodejoiningtheServercluster.

∙Third-PartySupport–allowsapplicationstosetupServerclusterresourcesand/orchangetheirconfigurationaspartofServerclusterinstallationsratherthanasaseparatepost-Serverclusterinstallationtask.

RemoteAdministration

AllowsfullremotecreationandconfigurationoftheServercluster.NewServerclusterscanbecreatedandnodescanbeaddedtoanexistingServerclusterfromaremotema