全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案文档格式.docx

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案文档格式.docx

《全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案文档格式.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

They__10__claimedthatplantshave'

brain-likecommandcenters'

attheirroottips."

This__11__makessenseifyonsimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,__12__ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;

cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.__13__,thesignalinginaplantisonly__14__similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan"

amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity."

Taizsaid.

"

Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold__15__ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,"

he__16__."

Sinceplantsdon'

thavenervoussystems,the__17__thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero."

Andwhat'

ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?

Plantscan'

trunawayfrom__18__, 

soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich__19__athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery__20__evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.

1.[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued

2.[A]attributed[B]directed[C]compared[D]confined

3.[A]Unless[B]When[C]Once[D]Though

4.[A]copedwith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extendedto

5.[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs

6.[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation[D]creation

7.[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested

8.[A]adapting[B]forming[C]repairing[D]testing

9.[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]sensitive

10.[A]just[B]ever[C]still[D]even

11.[A]restriction[B]experiment[C]perspective[D]demand

12.[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]returning[D]exposing

13.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise

14.[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficially[D]imaginarily

15.[A]list[B]level[C]label[D]local

16.[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]added

17.[A]chances[B]risks[C]excuses[D]assumptions

18.[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control

19.[A]represents[B]includes[C]reveals[D]recognizes

20.[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easy

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor[D]MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'

tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfizzle.They"

weep"

outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:

earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationsillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.

Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'

talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."

It'

slikebakingacake:

Ifyoudon'

thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong."

shesays."

Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb."

Andsometimes,it'

snottheartist'

sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPicroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen"

naturecarpets"

—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.

Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It'

sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'

spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresiltingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.

SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi'

ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals"

sunscreens"

becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.

DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten'

s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.

Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon—afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,"

andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'

llbeseen."

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin__________.

[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems

[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts

[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits

[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections

22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare__________.

[A]immunetodecay

[B]improperlyshaped

[C]inherentlyflawed

[D]complexinstructure

23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'

sartworksto__________.

[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors

[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay

[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed

[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage

24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis__________.

[A]costly

[B]unworthy

[C]unpopular

[D]challenging

25.InFrreira'

sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts__________.

[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch

[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance

[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages

[D]hasanimpactontoday'

sculturallife

Text2

Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.

Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.

Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.

Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.

Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.

ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;

theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfillmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ'

scareertrajectory.

Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:

'

Iamageographer'

or'

Iamaclassist.'

Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;

it'

sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'

tdefinetheminthesameway.

26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould__________.

[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege

[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage

[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation

[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication

27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect__________.

[A]Millennial'

sopinionsaboutwork

[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree

[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation

[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility

2