全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案文档格式.docx

1、They _10_ claimed that plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.This _11_ makes sense if yon simplify the workings of a complex brain, _12_ it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. _13_, the signaling in a plant is only _14_ s

2、imilar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than a mass of cells that communicate by electricity. Taiz said.For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold _15_ of complexity and capacity is required, he _16_. Since plants dont have nervous systems, the _17_ that they have co

3、nsciousness are effectively zero.And whats so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants cant run away from _18_,so investing energy in a body system which _19_ a threat and can feel pain would be a very _20_ evolutionary strategy, according to the article.1. A coined B discovered C collected D issue

4、d2. A attributed B directed C compared D confined3. A Unless B When C Once D Though4. A coped with B consisted of C hinted at D extended to5. A suffers B benefits C develops D differs6. A acceptance B evidence C cultivation D creation7. A doubted B denied C argued D requested8. A adapting B forming

5、C repairing D testing9. A analogous B essential C suitable D sensitive10. A just B ever C still D even11. A restriction B experiment C perspective D demand12. A attaching B reducing C returning D exposing13. A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise14. A temporarily B literally C superficially D

6、imaginarily15. A list B level C label D local16. A recalled B agreed C questioned D added17. A chances B risks C excuses D assumptions18. A danger B failure C warning D control19. A represents B includes C reveals D recognizes20. A humble B poor C practical D easySection II Reading ComprehensionPart

7、 A Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Marian

8、a Trench, because plastics are everywhere and dont break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and fizzle. They weep out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important obj

9、ects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation sills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didnt always know how to mix ingredients properly,

10、says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. Its like baking a cake: If you dont have exact amounts, it goes wrong. she says. The object you make is already a time bomb.And sometimes, its not the a

11、rtists fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen nature carpetslarge rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted vi

12、ewers to walk around on the carpetswhich meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. Its especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardis pumpkins, roses, and other figures were silting and crumbling. Museums locked some of t

13、hem away in the dark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardis sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals sunscreens because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is pro

14、ud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oostens, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasing

15、ly common.And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human historyStone Age, Iron Age, and so onafter ex

16、amining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve. will have a strong impact on how in the future well be seen.21. According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in _.A maintaining their plastic it

17、emsB obtaining durable plastic artifactsC handling outdated plastic exhibitsD classifying their plastic collections22. Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are _.A immune to decayB improperly shapedC inherently flawedD complex in structure23. Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardis a

18、rtworks to _.A keep them from hurting visitorsB duplicate them for future displayC have their ingredients analyzedD prevent them from further damage24. The author thinks that preservation of plastics is _.A costlyB unworthyC unpopularD challenging25. In Frreiras opinion, preservation of plastic arti

19、facts _.A will inspire future scientific researchB has profound historical significanceC will help us separate the material agesD has an impact on todays cultural lifeText 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering

20、 just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wa

21、nting. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. Today, 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentage which is double the average among OECD countries.This is not to say that there is no point in getting

22、 a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecesso

23、rs, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for c

24、ertain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists, it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to

25、 have two.It is unlikely that Generation Z will be done with education at 18 or 21; they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay employable. It has been estimated that this generation, due to the pressures of technology, the wish for personal fulfillment and desire for

26、 diversity, will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Zs career trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and person

27、al tense: I am a geographer or I am a classist. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing; its as if they already know that their degree wont define them in the same way.26. The author suggests that Generation Z should _.A be careful in choosing a collegeB be diligent at each educational stageC reassess the necessity of college educationD postpone their undergraduate application27. The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect _.A Millennials opinions about workB the shrinking value of a degreeC public discontent with educationD the desired route of social mobility2