loveisafallacy课后习题答案Word下载.docx

loveisafallacy课后习题答案Word下载.docx

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thing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma.Logicmaybeaninterestingsubject,butitisdefinitelynotaliving,breathing,fullofbeauty,passionandtrauma.Thewriterisexaggeratingforthesakeofhumor.3.ThenarratorconsidersPeteyBurchdumbasanoxbecausehethinksPeteytobeunintelligent,anemotionalandimpressionabletypeofperson.However,Peteyrsworstfaultisthatheisafaddist,heissweptupineverynewcrazethatcomesalong.4.HedecidedtoteachPollyEspylogicbecausehewantednotonlyabeautifulwifebutalsoanintelligentone.Thenarratorwantedawifewhowouldhelptofurtherhiscareerasalawyer.HefoundPollyhadallthenecessaryqualitiesexceptintelligence.Thishedecidedtoremedybyteachingherlogic.HesucceededonlytoowellforintheendPollyrefusedtogosteadywithhimandemployedallthe"

logicalfallacies"

shehadbeentaughttorejecthisoffer.5.

（1）Thefallacyofaccidentiscommittedbyanargumentthatappliesageneralruletoaparticularcaseinwhichsomespecialcircumstances（"

accident"

）makestheruleinapplicable.Thisisthe"

DictoSimpliciter"

fallacyinthetext.

（2）Theconversefallacyofaccidentarguesimproperlyfromaspecialcasetoageneralrule.Thefactthatacertaindrugisbeneficialtosomesickpersonsdoesnotimplythatitisbeneficialtoallmen.Thisisthefallacyof"

HastyGeneralization"

inthetext.（3）Thefallacyofirrelevantconclusioniscommittedwhentheconclusionchangesthepointthatisatissueinthepremises.Specialcasesofirrelevantconclusionarepresentedbytheso-calledfallaciesofrelevance.Theseinclude:

（a）theargu-ment"

AdHominem"

（speaking"

againsttheman"

ratherthantotheissue,orthefallacyof*'

PoisoningtheWell"

mentionedinthetext）inwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonwhoholdssomethesis,insteadofofferinggroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse;

（b）theargument"

AdMiserieordiam"

（anappealto"

pity"

）,aswhenatriallawyer,ratherthanarguingforhisclient'

sinnocence,triestomovethejurytosympathyforhim.（4）Thefallacyofcircularargumentor"

beggingthequestion"

occurswhenthepremisespresume,openlyorcovertly,theveryconclusionthatistobedemonstrated（example:

"

Gregoryalwaysvoteswisely."

ButhowdoyouknowBecausehealwaysvotesLibertarian."

）.（5）Thefallacyoffalsecausemislocatesthecauseofonephenomenoninanotherthatisonlyseeminglyrelated.Themostcommonversionofthisfallacy,called"

posthoc,ergopropterhoc"

mistakestemporalsequenceforcausalconnection--aswhenamisfortuneisattributedtoa"

malignevent"

likethedroppingofamirror.（6）Thefallacyofmanyquestionsconsistsindemandingorgivingasingleanswertoaquestionwhenthisanswercouldeitherbedivided（example:

"

Doyoulikethetwins"

Neitheryesnorno;

butAnnyesandMaryno."

）orrefusedaltogether,becauseamistakenpresuppositionisinvolved（example-"

Haveyoustoppedbeatingyourwife"

）.（7）Thefallacyof"

nonSequitur"

（"

itdoesnotfollow"

）,stillmoredrasticthanthepreceding,occurswhenthereisnotevenadeceptivelyplau-sibleappearanceofvalidreasoning,becausethereisavirtuallycompletelackofconnectionbetweenthegivenpremisesandtheconclusiondrawnfromthem.Ⅲ.1.Thetitleofthestoryishumorousandwellchosen.Ithastwomeanings.When"

fallacy"

istakeninitsordinarysense,thetitlemeans:

Thereisadeceptiveordelusivequalityaboutlove."

Whenitistakenasaspecificterminlogic,thetitlemeans."

Lovecannotbededucedfromasetofgivenpremises."

2.Yes,Ican.Thewholestoryissatirizingasmug,self-conceitedfreshmaninalawschool.Thefreshmanismadethenarratorofthestorywhogoesonsmuglyboastingandsingingpraisesofhimselfateverychancehecouldget.Fromtheverybeginninginparagraph4,hebeginstohelponhimselfallthebeautifulwordsofpraisehecanthink:

cool,powerful,preciseandpenetrating.AtthesametimethenarratortakeseveryopportunitytodowngradePeteyBureh.Forexample,hecallshim"

dumb"

nothingupstairs"

'

unstable"

impressionable"

afaddist"

.AndasforPollyEspy,sheis"

abeautifuldumbgirl"

whowouldsmartenupunderhisguidance.3.Thepurposeofthisessayistodemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticsubject,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma.Logicmaybeaninterestingsubject.Thewriterisexaggeratingforthesakeofhumor.Thewriteremploysawholevarietyofwritingtechniquestomakehisstoryvivid,dramaticandcolorful.ThelexicalspectrumiscolorfulfromtheultralearnedtermsusedbytheconceitednarratortotheinfraclippedvulgarformsofPollyEspy.Heusesfigurativelanguageprofuselyandalsogrammaticinversionforspecialemphasis.Thespeedofthenarrationismaintainedbytheuseofshortsentences,ellip-ticalsentencesanddashesthroughoutthestory.Thismixaddstotherealismofthestory,4.ThewriterdeliberatelymakesPollyEspyusealotofexclamatorywordslike"

Gee,"

Oo"

wow-dow"

andclippedvulgarformslike"

delish"

marvy"

sesaysh"

etc.tocreatetheimpressionofasimpleandratherstupidgirl.Thiscontrastsstronglywiththeboastingofthenarratorandthushelpstoincreasetheforceofsatireandirony.5.ThenarratordoessuchafinalattempttomakePollyforgetthefallacieshehastaughther.HemayyetbeabletoconvincePollythathelovesherandthatsheshouldgosteady118withhim.6.Thetopicsentenceofparagraph50isthesecondsentence--"

Hewasatornman."

Thewriterdevelopstheparagraphbydescribingthebehaviorofthetornman.Inotherwords,heusesillustrativeexamplestodevelopthethemestatedinhistopicsentence.7.BecausehebeggedPolly'

slove,whichwasrefused.HemightgetthesameresultasFrankenstein,whocreatedamonsterthatdestroyedhim,notasPygmalion,whowaslovedbyhisownstatueofGalatea.8.TheconclusionisironicbecausethewholethingbackfiresonthenarratorwhenPollyrefutesallhisargumentsaslogicalfallaciesbeforefinallyrejectinghim.Theendofthestoryfindsthatthenarratorhasgotwhathedeserves.Hehasbeentoocleverforhisowngood.IV.1.Thefallacyofunqualifiedgeneralizationor"

adictosimpliciteraddictumsecundumquid"

.2.ThefallacyofHastyGeneralization.3.Thefallacyof"

posthoe,ergopropterhoc"

.4.ThefallacyofHypothesisContrarytoFact.5.Thefallacyof"

posthoc,ergopropterhoe"

.6.ThefallacyofAdMisericordiam.7.Thefallacyofunqualifiedgeneralization.8.ThefallacyofHaMyGeneralization.V.Seethetranslationofthetext.Vl.1.discipline:

abranchofknowledgeorlearning2.dynamo:

anearlierformforgenerator,amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy3.flight:

fleeingorrunningawayfrom4.Charleston:

alivelydancein4/4time,characterizedbyatwistingstepandpopularduringthe1920'

s5.shed:

castofforlosehair6．intheswim：

conformingtothecurrentfashions。

oractiveinthemaincurrentofaffairs7practice：

theexerciseofaprofessionofoccupation8pin—up：

（Americancolloquialism）designatingagirlwhosesexualattractivenessmakesherasubjectforthekindofpicturesoftenpinneduponwalls9makings：

thematerialorqualitiesneededforthemakingordevelopmentofsomething-10carriage：

mannerofcarryingtheheadandbody：

physicalposturebearing：

wayofcarryingoneself：

manner11．gosteady：

（Americancolloquialism）datesomeoneoftheoppositesexregularlyandexclusively：

besweethearts12．deposit：

（facetious）put，layorsetdownl3．brief：

aconcisestatementofthemainpointsofalawcase。

usuallyfiledbycounselfortheinformationofthecourt14．1et—up：

stopping；

relaxingⅦ．1．fashion和fad均为名词。

fashion主要指某人，尤其指文学、艺术界或社会上流人物在某一特定场合或时间内穿衣、讲话等方面的姿态或习惯。

fad指由某种感情引起的一时的爱好或者一时流行的风尚。

2incredulous和incredible均为形容词。

incredulous是“不轻易相信的”、“表示怀疑的”的意思，指对某人的能力或意志力持怀疑和不相信态度。

incredible是“不可相信的”意思，指某件事不平凡或不大可能存在，因而表示怀疑或不可相信。

3passion和eagerness均为名词。

passi‘on指一种强烈的愿望或感情，这种愿望或感情往往会产生一种不可抗拒的或者必然的结果。

eagerness意即“渴望”或“热情”，但往往含有不耐烦的意味。

4．feeling和emotion均是名词。

feeling在没有上下文限制的时候，往往指人们在主观上反映的一种高兴或不高兴的感觉或感情。

emotion指由于精神上或身体上受到外界某种刺激而引起的一种强烈的情感或情绪。

5．reveal和show均为动词。

reveal指公开或揭露某种秘密或隐蔽的东西，好像是揭开一种掩饰物似的。

show指某种事物或者东西“展现”在眼前，以便能看得到和看得清。

6．tempt和incline均为动词。

tempt意为“引诱”、“诱惑”，指一种强有力的诱惑，这种诱惑能克服对某一事物的顾忌或推断。

inclin